Recombinant Proteins
Product List
EXOSC1 Human
Exosome Component 1 Human Recombinant
EXOSC1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
EXOSC10 Human
Exosome Component 10 Human Recombinant
EXOSC10 Human Recombinant produced in SF9 is a glycosylated, polypeptide chain having a molecular mass of 102 kDa.
EXOSC10 is expressed with a -6xHis tag and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
EXOSC3 Human
Exosome Component 3 Human Recombinant
EXOSC3 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
EXOSC5 Human
Exosome Component 5 Human Recombinant
EXOSC5 is fused to a 21 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
EXOSC7 Human
Exosome Component 7 Human Recombinant
EXOSC8 Human
Exosome Component 8 Human Recombinant
EXOSC8 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
EXOSC9 Human
Exosome Component 9 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (30–150 nm) released by cells into the extracellular environment. They are formed through the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane, releasing intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) into the extracellular space . Exosomes are distinct from other extracellular vesicles like apoptotic bodies and ectosomes, which are derived from cells undergoing apoptosis and plasma membrane shedding, respectively .
Key Biological Properties: Exosomes carry a variety of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), and metabolites . They are involved in intercellular communication and can influence the biological properties and activities of recipient cells .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Exosomes are secreted by a wide variety of cells, including immune cells, cancer cells, and stem cells . Their composition and function can vary depending on the cell type and physiological state of the originating cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication by transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells . They are involved in various physiological processes, including immune responses, tissue repair, and cell proliferation .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Exosomes can modulate immune responses by presenting antigens to immune cells and facilitating the activation of immune responses . They also play a role in pathogen recognition by transferring pathogen-derived molecules to immune cells .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Exosomes interact with recipient cells through various mechanisms, including endocytosis, membrane fusion, and receptor-ligand interactions . They can deliver their cargo directly into the cytoplasm of recipient cells, influencing cellular functions .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Exosomes contain transmembrane proteins (e.g., CD9, CD81) that facilitate cell penetration and fusion . They also carry signaling molecules that can activate downstream signaling cascades in recipient cells, leading to changes in gene expression and cellular behavior .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The biogenesis and release of exosomes are tightly regulated by various mechanisms, including the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway and ESCRT-independent mechanisms . These processes involve the sorting of cargo into ILVs, MVB formation, and fusion with the plasma membrane .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Exosome biogenesis is influenced by transcriptional regulation of genes involved in vesicle formation and secretion . Post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation, also play a role in regulating exosome release and cargo sorting .
Biomedical Research: Exosomes are valuable tools in biomedical research for studying intercellular communication and disease mechanisms .
Diagnostic Tools: Exosomes can serve as biomarkers for various diseases, including cancer, due to their specific cargo reflecting the physiological state of the originating cells .
Therapeutic Strategies: Exosomes have potential as drug delivery vehicles and cell-free therapeutic agents. They can be engineered to carry therapeutic molecules, improving bioavailability and reducing off-target effects .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Exosomes play a role in various stages of the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . They are involved in processes such as stem cell maintenance, tissue repair, and immune modulation . Exosomes also contribute to disease progression by facilitating the spread of pathogenic molecules and promoting tumor growth .
