Recombinant Proteins
Product List
CYTH1 Human
Cytohesin 1 Human Recombinant
CYTH2 Human
Cytohesin 2 Human Recombinant
CYTH3 Human
Cytohesin 3 Human Recombinant
CYTH3 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CYTIP Human
Cytohesin 1 Interacting Protein Human Recombinant
CYTIP is fused to a 25 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Cytohesins are a subfamily of the Sec7 domain-containing guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for ADP ribosylation factors (Arfs). The cytohesin family consists of four closely related members: cytohesin-1, cytohesin-2, cytohesin-3, and cytohesin-4 . These proteins are critical regulators of membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling .
Key Biological Properties: Cytohesins play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and signal transduction .
Expression Patterns: Cytohesins are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, with specific expression patterns depending on the cell type and physiological conditions .
Tissue Distribution: Cytohesins are found in multiple tissues, including the brain, liver, and adipose tissue . Their distribution is essential for their role in regulating cellular functions across different organ systems .
Primary Biological Functions: Cytohesins are involved in regulating membrane trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and signal transduction . They play a significant role in insulin receptor signaling and metabolic homeostasis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Cytohesins are implicated in immune responses by modulating the activation and function of immune cells . They also play a role in pathogen recognition and the subsequent immune response .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Cytohesins interact with various molecules and cells through their Sec7 domain, which harbors the GEF activity . They facilitate the exchange of GDP for GTP on Arf proteins, thereby activating them .
Binding Partners: Cytohesins bind to phosphatidylinositol-phosphates (PtdIns(4,5)P2 and/or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) through their pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, enabling their recruitment to the plasma membrane .
Downstream Signaling Cascades: Cytohesins are involved in downstream signaling cascades, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is crucial for insulin receptor signaling . They also modulate the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway in certain cancers .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of cytohesins is regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors and signaling pathways .
Post-Translational Modifications: Cytohesins undergo post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, which modulate their activity and interactions with other proteins .
Biomedical Research: Cytohesins are studied extensively in biomedical research due to their role in various cellular processes and diseases .
Diagnostic Tools: Cytohesins have potential as diagnostic markers for certain diseases, such as metabolic disorders and cancers .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting cytohesins with specific inhibitors, such as SecinH3, has shown promise in therapeutic strategies for diseases like cancer and metabolic disorders .
Development: Cytohesins are essential for proper development, particularly in processes like neuritogenesis and axonal pathfinding .
Aging and Disease: Cytohesins play a role in aging and age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic diseases . Their involvement in chronic pain and neurotoxicity further highlights their significance in the aging process .
