Recombinant Proteins
Product List
SCG3 Human
Secretogranin III Human Recombinant
SCG3 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
SCG5 Human
Secretogranin-V Human Recombinant
Introduction
Secretogranins are a family of acidic secretory proteins that belong to the granin family, which also includes chromogranins. Secretogranins are primarily found in the large dense-core vesicles of the regulated secretory pathway in neurons and endocrine cells . The most studied members of this family are Secretogranin II (also known as Chromogranin C) and Secretogranin III .
Key Biological Properties: Secretogranins are characterized by their acidic nature, heat stability, and ability to undergo proteolytic processing to form smaller peptides . They are involved in the regulated secretory pathway, which is responsible for the controlled release of hormones, neurotransmitters, and other peptides .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Secretogranins are widely expressed in neuronal and endocrine tissues. They are found in the adrenal medulla, pituitary gland, endocrine pancreas, thyroid C-cells, and throughout the gastrointestinal tract . In the nervous system, Secretogranin II is distributed in the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and other brain regions .
Primary Biological Functions: Secretogranins play a crucial role in the formation and function of secretory granules. They are involved in the packaging and storage of hormones and neurotransmitters within these granules .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Secretogranins, particularly Secretogranin II, have been shown to have chemotactic activity towards immune cells and can induce the release of neurotransmitters . They also display angiogenic and vasculogenic properties, which are important for tissue repair and immune responses .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Secretogranins interact with various molecules and cells through their processed peptides. For example, Secretoneurin, a peptide derived from Secretogranin II, can induce neurotransmitter release and has chemotactic activity towards immune, endothelial, and muscle cells .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Secretogranins bind to specific receptors on target cells, initiating downstream signaling cascades that regulate various physiological processes. For instance, Secretoneurin can bind to receptors on endothelial cells, promoting angiogenesis .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of Secretogranins is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Transcription factors such as AP-1 play a significant role in regulating the expression of Secretogranin II . Post-translational modifications, including proteolytic processing, are crucial for the activation and function of Secretogranins .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Secretogranin II expression is regulated by cyclic AMP response elements (CRE) in its promoter region, which are activated by nitric oxide and other signaling molecules . Proteolytic processing of Secretogranins generates bioactive peptides that mediate their physiological effects .
Biomedical Research: Secretogranins are valuable biomarkers for various diseases, including endocrine tumors and cardiovascular diseases . They are also used in research to study the regulated secretory pathway and the role of secretory granules in cellular function .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Secretogranins and their derived peptides have potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. For example, Secretoneurin is being explored as a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases and as a therapeutic target for promoting tissue repair and angiogenesis .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Secretogranins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. During development, they are involved in the formation of secretory granules and the regulated release of hormones and neurotransmitters . In aging and disease, alterations in Secretogranin expression and function can contribute to various pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases and endocrine disorders .
