Recombinant Proteins
Product List
PSG5 Human, Sf9
Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 5 Human Recombinant, Sf9
PSG5 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Insect cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 310 amino acids (35-335 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 35.1kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 28-40kDa). PSG5 is expressed with a 6 amino acids His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PSG1 Human
Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 1 Human Recombinant
PSG1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PSG1 Human, Sf9
Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 1 Human Recombinant, Sf9
PSG1 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 394 amino acids (35-419a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 44.6kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 40-57kDa). PSG1 is expressed with a 6 amino acids His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
PSG5 Human
Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 5 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein (PSG1) is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily . PSG1 is a highly glycosylated protein predominantly expressed during pregnancy and is encoded by the PSG1 gene located on chromosome 19 . It is one of the most abundant proteins in the maternal bloodstream during the later stages of pregnancy .
Key Biological Properties: PSG1 is a glycoprotein with seven potential N-linked glycosylation sites across its four domains . It is secreted from trophoblast cells of the human placenta in increasing concentrations as pregnancy progresses .
Expression Patterns: PSG1 expression is primarily observed in the placenta, specifically in the syncytiotrophoblast cells . It is also expressed in other tissues such as the buccal mucosa, testicle, stromal cells of the endometrium, amniotic fluid, gonad, pancreatic ductal cells, secondary oocytes, skin, and lung .
Tissue Distribution: PSG1 is predominantly found in the maternal serum during pregnancy, with its concentration increasing significantly in the third trimester .
Primary Biological Functions: PSG1 plays a crucial role in fetal development and maternal immune modulation . It functions as an immunomodulator to protect the growing fetus by inducing the production of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and maintaining the immunosuppressive function of Tregs .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: PSG1 has been shown to induce transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), which inhibits T-cell function and has proangiogenic properties . It also interacts with galectin-1 (Gal-1), protecting it from oxidative inactivation and competing with other glycoprotein ligands .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: PSG1 binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans, the latency-associated peptide of TGF-β1, and the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 . These interactions mediate its proangiogenic and immuno-regulatory functions .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: PSG1 activates TGF-β and prevents dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice . It also induces up-regulation of TGFB1 and VEGFA in human monocytes, macrophages, and extravillous trophoblast cell lines .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: PSG1 expression is regulated by the PSG gene family, which includes more than 30 isoforms . The serum concentration of PSGs rapidly increases as pregnancy progresses, reaching approximately 200 μg/mL at term .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: PSG1 undergoes extensive glycosylation, with seven potential N-linked glycosylation sites across its four domains . This glycosylation is essential for its stability and function .
Biomedical Research: PSG1 is used as a biomarker for pregnancy-related conditions and complications . It is also studied for its immunomodulatory properties and potential therapeutic applications in autoimmune diseases and post-transplant complications .
Diagnostic Tools: PSG1 levels in maternal serum are used to monitor pregnancy progression and detect potential complications .
Therapeutic Strategies: PSG1’s immunosuppressive effects make it a potential candidate for therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating immune responses in various conditions .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: PSG1 is primarily expressed during pregnancy, playing a vital role in fetal development and maternal immune modulation . Its expression and function are crucial for maintaining a successful pregnancy and ensuring fetal-maternal tolerance . PSG1’s role in immune modulation may also have implications beyond pregnancy, potentially influencing immune responses in other contexts .
