Recombinant Proteins
Product List
DKK1 Human
Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 Human Recombinant
DKK1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
DKK1 Human Sf9
Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 Human Recombinant, Sf9
DKK1 produced in Sf9, Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 253 amino acids (32-266 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 27.8 kDa (Molecular size on DSD-PAGE will appear at approximately 40kDa). DKK1 is expressed with a 15 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
DKK1 Mouse
Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 Mouse Recombinant
DKK1 Mouse Recombinant produced in HEK293 cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain (32-272a.a) containing 247 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 26.9kDa.
DKK1 is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus,and is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
DKK2 Human
Dickkopf-Related Protein 2 Human Recombinant
DKK2 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
DKK3 Human
Dickkopf-Related Protein 3 Human Recombinant
DKK3 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
DKK3 Human, HEK
Dickkopf-Related Protein 3 Human Recombinant, HEK
DKK3 Human, Sf9
Dickkopf-Related Protein 3 Human Recombinant, Sf9
DKK3 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 338 amino acids (22-350a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 37.3kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 40-57kDa).
DKK3 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Introduction
Dickkopf-related proteins (DKKs) are a family of secreted glycoproteins that play crucial roles in various biological processes. The DKK family consists of four main members: DKK1, DKK2, DKK3, and DKK4, as well as a related protein known as soggy (DKKL1). These proteins are characterized by the presence of two conserved cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) and are primarily involved in the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway .
Key Biological Properties: DKK proteins are glycoproteins with molecular weights ranging from 24 to 38 kDa. They share structural similarities, particularly in the CRDs, which are essential for their function .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: DKK proteins are expressed in various tissues and have distinct expression patterns. For example, DKK1 is highly expressed in the placenta and osteoblasts, while DKK3 is found in the heart, kidney, and brain . These proteins are also expressed during embryonic development, particularly in mesenchymal lineages .
Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of DKK proteins is to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway by binding to the Wnt coreceptors LRP5 and LRP6. This inhibition is crucial for regulating processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: DKK proteins, particularly DKK3, have been implicated in immune modulation. They can influence the activity of immune cells and have been shown to play roles in inflammatory responses and tissue repair .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: DKK proteins interact with various molecules and cells through their CRDs. They bind with high affinity to the transmembrane proteins KREMEN1 and KREMEN2, which are essential for their inhibitory function on the Wnt signaling pathway .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: By binding to LRP5/6 and KREMEN proteins, DKKs prevent the formation of the Wnt-Fz-LRP5/6 complex, thereby inhibiting the stabilization of β-catenin and subsequent activation of Wnt target genes . This regulation is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing aberrant cell growth.
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of DKK proteins is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level. Various transcription factors and signaling pathways, including the Wnt pathway itself, can modulate the expression of DKK genes .
Post-Translational Modifications: DKK proteins undergo several post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, which are essential for their stability and function .
Biomedical Research: DKK proteins are valuable tools in biomedical research for studying the Wnt signaling pathway and its role in development and disease .
Diagnostic Tools: DKK proteins, particularly DKK1 and DKK3, have potential as biomarkers for various diseases, including cancer and kidney diseases. Elevated levels of these proteins in serum or urine can indicate disease progression and prognosis .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting DKK proteins has therapeutic potential in treating diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Modulating DKK activity can help restore normal Wnt signaling and improve disease outcomes .
Development: DKK proteins are essential during embryonic development, where they regulate processes such as axis patterning, limb development, and organogenesis .
Aging and Disease: In adulthood, DKK proteins continue to play roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. Dysregulation of DKK expression is associated with various age-related diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases .
