Recombinant Proteins
Product List
TBC1D1 Human
TBC1 Domain Family, Member 1 Human Recombinant
TBC1D13 Human
TBC1 Domain Family, Member 13 Human Recombinant
TBC1D13 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
The TBC1 domain family consists of proteins characterized by the presence of a TBC (Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16) domain, which is approximately 180 to 200 amino acids long . These proteins are evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes and act as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for small GTPases, playing a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle . The family includes various members such as TBC1D1, TBC1D4, and TBC1D25, each sharing significant homology with TRE2 (USP6), yeast Bub2, and CDC16 .
Key Biological Properties: TBC1 domain family members are involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation . They exhibit GTPase activator activity, which is essential for their function in cellular processes .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: The expression of TBC1 domain family members varies across different tissues. For instance, TBC1D1 is highly expressed in muscle tissues, including the muscle layer of the sigmoid colon and the ventricular zone . TBC1D25 is notably expressed in cardiomyocytes and plays a role in protecting against myocardial apoptosis .
Primary Biological Functions: Members of the TBC1 domain family are involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell migration, and differentiation . They act as GTPase-activating proteins, which are crucial for the regulation of small GTPases .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: TBC1D1 has been associated with immunotherapy resistance in gliomas, indicating its role in immune responses . It is also involved in the regulation of immune cell function and the creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: TBC1 domain family members interact with various molecules and cells through their GTPase-activating activity. For example, TBC1D25 interacts with the TAK1-JNK/p38 MAPK signaling cascade to protect against myocardial apoptosis .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: TBC1D10B promotes tumor progression in colon cancer via the PAK4-mediated promotion of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway . This highlights the involvement of TBC1 domain family members in critical signaling pathways that regulate cellular functions.
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of TBC1 domain family members are regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . For instance, TBC1D1 expression is elevated in tumor tissues, impacting immune cell function and promoting treatment resistance .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: TBC1D1 is regulated through various signaling pathways, including those involved in cancer and immune responses . Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation can also modulate the activity of TBC1 domain family members .
Biomedical Research: TBC1 domain family members are valuable in biomedical research due to their roles in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and immune responses . They serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: TBC1D10B has potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer, as its expression levels are associated with patient prognosis . Targeting TBC1 domain family members could provide new therapeutic strategies for various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: TBC1 domain family members play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . For example, TBCK, a member of the TBC1 domain family, is involved in neurodevelopmental disorders and tumorigenesis . These proteins are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to physiological changes over time .
