Recombinant Proteins
Product List
RAD51B Human
RAD51B Human Recombinant
RAD51D (1-328) Human
RAD51D (1-328 a.a.) Human Recombinant
RAD51D Human
RAD51D Human Recombinant
Introduction
RAD51 is a protein encoded by the RAD51 gene, which plays a crucial role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks through homologous recombination. It is a member of the RAD51 protein family, which is highly conserved across eukaryotes, from yeast to humans . RAD51 is homologous to the bacterial RecA and the archaeal RadA proteins .
Key Biological Properties: RAD51 is a 339-amino acid protein that binds to DNA and forms a nucleoprotein filament essential for DNA repair . It exhibits ATPase activity, which is necessary for its function in homologous recombination .
Expression Patterns: RAD51 is expressed in various tissues, with high expression levels in the gonads, buccal mucosa cells, and bone marrow cells . Its expression is tightly regulated and typically low in normal cells but elevated in many cancers .
Tissue Distribution: RAD51 is predominantly found in the nucleus, where it interacts with other proteins involved in DNA repair, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 .
Primary Biological Functions: RAD51 is essential for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks through homologous recombination. It facilitates the exchange of DNA strands between homologous DNA molecules, ensuring accurate repair .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While RAD51’s primary function is in DNA repair, its role in maintaining genomic stability indirectly supports immune responses by preventing mutations that could lead to immune evasion by pathogens .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: RAD51 forms a presynaptic filament on single-stranded DNA, which then invades a homologous double-stranded DNA to facilitate strand exchange . This process is ATP-dependent and involves several binding partners, including BRCA2 and PALB2 .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: RAD51 interacts with various proteins, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51 paralogs, to form a complex that is essential for its function in homologous recombination . These interactions are crucial for the recruitment and stabilization of RAD51 at sites of DNA damage .
Transcriptional Regulation: RAD51 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by several factors, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 . These proteins help transport RAD51 to sites of DNA damage in the nucleus .
Post-Translational Modifications: RAD51 activity is also regulated through post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which can affect its stability and interaction with other proteins .
Biomedical Research: RAD51 is a critical target in cancer research due to its role in DNA repair. Understanding its function can lead to the development of novel cancer therapies .
Diagnostic Tools: RAD51 levels can be used as a biomarker for certain cancers, helping in the diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting RAD51 and its regulatory pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatments, particularly in tumors with defective DNA repair mechanisms .
Development to Aging and Disease: RAD51 is essential for cell survival and genomic stability throughout the life cycle. Its function in DNA repair is crucial during cell division and in response to DNA damage . Dysregulation of RAD51 can lead to genomic instability, contributing to aging and the development of diseases such as cancer .
