Recombinant Proteins
Product List
CALR Human
Calreticulin Human Recombinant
CALR3 Human
Calreticulin 3 Human Recombinant
CALR3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Calreticulin (CALR), also known as calregulin, CRP55, CaBP3, and endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 60 (ERp60), is a multifunctional protein primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cells . It is a soluble protein that binds calcium ions (Ca²⁺) with low affinity but high capacity, playing a crucial role in calcium homeostasis .
Key Biological Properties: Calreticulin is involved in various cellular processes, including protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and immune responses . It acts as a chaperone, ensuring proper protein folding and preventing misfolding .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Calreticulin is widely distributed across different tissues and cellular compartments, including the ER, cytosol, cell surface, and extracellular matrix . Its expression is particularly high in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscles .
Primary Biological Functions: Calreticulin’s primary functions include acting as a chaperone in the ER, regulating calcium homeostasis, and modulating immune responses . It assists in the proper folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins and prevents their aggregation .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Calreticulin plays a significant role in immune responses by presenting antigens to T-cells and promoting immunogenic cell death . It is also involved in pathogen recognition and clearance .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Calreticulin interacts with various molecules, including calnexin, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules . It binds to misfolded proteins and ensures their proper folding and assembly .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Calreticulin binds to glycoproteins with terminal glucose residues, targeting them for degradation if misfolded . It also participates in calcium signaling pathways and influences transcriptional pathways during embryonic development .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of calreticulin are regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . Transcription factors and signaling pathways modulate its gene expression, while phosphorylation and glycosylation affect its activity .
Biomedical Research: Calreticulin is extensively studied in biomedical research due to its diverse functions and involvement in various diseases . It serves as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Calreticulin is used in diagnostic tools to detect cancer and other diseases . Its therapeutic potential is being explored for treating chronic wounds and enhancing wound healing .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Calreticulin plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . During embryonic development, it influences calcium-dependent transcriptional pathways . In adulthood, it modulates immune responses and cellular stress responses . Dysregulation of calreticulin is associated with various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disorders .
