Recombinant Proteins
Product List
C12ORF5 Human
Chromosome 12 Open Reading Frame 5 Human
C12ORF5 Human, His
Chromosome 12 Open Reading Frame 5 Human Recombinant, His Tag
C12ORF5 Human, TAT
Chromosome 12 Open Reading Frame 5 Human-TAT
Introduction
TIGAR, or TP53-Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator, is a protein encoded by the C12orf5 gene. It is a key player in the p53 tumor suppressor pathway and functions as a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase . TIGAR is classified as a regulatory phosphatase involved in glycolysis and apoptosis regulation .
Key Biological Properties: TIGAR primarily functions to inhibit glycolysis by hydrolyzing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate . This inhibition redirects glucose metabolism towards the pentose phosphate pathway, aiding in the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and ribose .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: TIGAR is predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm but can translocate to the nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum in response to stress . It is widely expressed in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and muscles .
Primary Biological Functions: TIGAR plays a crucial role in regulating cellular metabolism, protecting cells from oxidative stress, and promoting DNA repair . It also helps maintain energy metabolism balance, regulates autophagy, and supports stem cell differentiation .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: TIGAR’s role in immune responses is linked to its ability to modulate reactive oxygen species levels, thereby influencing the inflammatory response and protecting cells from pathogen-induced damage .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: TIGAR interacts with various molecules, including retinoblastoma protein, protein kinase B, nuclear factor-kappa B, hexokinase 2, and ATP5A1 . These interactions help mediate cell cycle arrest, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial protection .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: TIGAR’s binding partners include key metabolic enzymes and regulatory proteins that facilitate its role in glycolysis inhibition and pentose phosphate pathway activation . This activation leads to downstream signaling cascades that promote cell survival and DNA repair.
Transcriptional Regulation: TIGAR expression is regulated by p53 family members (p53, p63, and p73), transcription factors such as SP1 and CREB, and noncoding miRNAs like miR-144, miR-885-5p, and miR-101.
Post-Translational Modifications: Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and acetylation, play a role in modulating TIGAR’s activity and stability.
Biomedical Research: TIGAR is a valuable target in cancer research due to its role in metabolic reprogramming and tumor development. It is also studied in the context of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: TIGAR’s expression levels can serve as biomarkers for certain cancers and other diseases. Therapeutic strategies targeting TIGAR aim to modulate its activity to enhance cancer treatment efficacy and protect against oxidative stress-related conditions.
Development to Aging and Disease: Throughout the life cycle, TIGAR plays a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, supporting development, and protecting against age-related diseases. Its ability to regulate oxidative stress and DNA repair is crucial in preventing cellular damage and promoting longevity.
