Recombinant Proteins
Product List
COMMD1 Human
Copper Metabolism Domain Containing 1 Human Recombinant
COMMD6 Human
COMM Domain Containing 6 Human Recombinant
COMMD6 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
COMMD7 Human
COMM Domain Containing 7 Human Recombinant
COMMD7 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
COMMD9 Human
COMM Domain Containing 9 Human Recombinant
Introduction
COMM domain-containing proteins, also known as COMMD proteins, are a family of proteins characterized by the presence of a conserved COMM domain at their carboxy-terminal region . This family consists of ten members, named COMMD1 through COMMD10 . These proteins are highly conserved across eukaryotic multicellular organisms and are involved in various cellular processes .
Key Biological Properties: COMMD proteins are involved in copper metabolism, endosomal sorting, ion transport, and transcription factor regulation . They are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and have distinct expression patterns .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: COMMD proteins are expressed in a wide range of tissues, including the liver, kidneys, and lungs . For instance, COMMD1 is predominantly found in the liver and is crucial for copper homeostasis .
Primary Biological Functions: COMMD proteins play essential roles in regulating copper metabolism, ion transport, and endosomal sorting . They are also involved in the regulation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and HIF .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: COMMD proteins, particularly COMMD1, are known to inhibit NF-κB-mediated gene expression, which is crucial for immune responses . They also participate in the regulation of other immune-related pathways .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: COMMD proteins interact with various molecules and cellular components. For example, COMMD1 binds to a multimeric ubiquitin ligase complex, facilitating the ubiquitination and degradation of NF-κB subunits .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: COMMD proteins interact with several binding partners, including cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes and transcription factors . These interactions lead to the modulation of downstream signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of COMMD proteins are regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: COMMD proteins are subject to transcriptional regulation by various transcription factors. Post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, also play a significant role in regulating their stability and function .
Biomedical Research: COMMD proteins are valuable in biomedical research due to their involvement in critical cellular processes and disease mechanisms .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: COMMD proteins have potential applications as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. For instance, their role in regulating NF-κB and HIF pathways makes them potential targets for cancer therapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: COMMD proteins are involved in various stages of the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . They play crucial roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to environmental stressors .
From Development to Aging and Disease: During development, COMMD proteins are essential for proper cellular differentiation and organogenesis . In aging and disease, dysregulation of COMMD proteins can lead to various pathological conditions, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases .
