Recombinant Proteins
Product List
HES2 Human
Hairy and Enhancer of Split 2 Human Recombinant
HES2 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HES7 Human
Hairy and Enhancer of Split 7 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Hairy and Enhancer of Split (HES) proteins are a family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressors. They are homologous to the Drosophila hairy and Enhancer of split genes and play crucial roles in various developmental processes. HES proteins are classified into several subfamilies based on their sequence and functional similarities .
Key Biological Properties: HES proteins are characterized by their bHLH domain, which facilitates DNA binding and dimerization, and the Orange domain, which regulates the choice of dimerization partners .
Expression Patterns: HES genes are expressed in a variety of tissues, including the nervous system, where they maintain progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state .
Tissue Distribution: HES proteins are widely distributed across different tissues, with significant expression in the nervous and digestive systems .
Primary Biological Functions: HES proteins function primarily as transcriptional repressors, regulating the expression of genes involved in cell differentiation and proliferation .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While HES proteins are not directly involved in immune responses, their role in maintaining progenitor cells and regulating cell fate decisions indirectly influences the immune system by ensuring proper development of immune cells .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: HES proteins interact with other bHLH transcription factors, forming homo- and heterodimers to regulate gene expression .
Binding Partners: HES proteins bind to specific DNA sequences known as N-boxes (CACNAG) and recruit co-repressors such as Groucho to inhibit transcription .
Downstream Signaling Cascades: HES proteins are key effectors of the Notch signaling pathway, which is crucial for cell fate determination and differentiation .
Transcriptional Regulation: HES gene expression is tightly regulated by the Notch signaling pathway. Notch activation leads to the transcription of HES genes, which in turn repress the expression of target genes .
Post-Translational Modifications: HES proteins undergo various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, which can influence their stability and activity .
Biomedical Research: HES proteins are extensively studied in developmental biology and stem cell research due to their role in maintaining progenitor cells .
Diagnostic Tools: Alterations in HES gene expression are associated with various developmental disorders, making them potential biomarkers for diagnostic purposes .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting HES proteins and the Notch signaling pathway holds promise for therapeutic interventions in diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders .
Development: HES proteins are essential for proper embryonic development, particularly in the nervous system, where they regulate the timing of cell differentiation .
Aging and Disease: Dysregulation of HES gene expression is linked to various age-related diseases and developmental disorders, highlighting their importance throughout the life cycle .
