Recombinant Proteins
Product List
TFB1M Human
Transcription Factor B1, Mitochondrial Human Recombinant
TFB1M Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 340 amino acids (28-346 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 38.8kDa.
TFB1M is fused to a 21 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TFB2M Human
Transcription Factor B2, Mitochondrial Human Recombinant
TFB2M is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Mitochondrial transcription factors are proteins that regulate the expression of genes within the mitochondrial genome. These factors are crucial for the transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One of the most well-known mitochondrial transcription factors is Transcription Factor A, Mitochondrial (TFAM) . TFAM is a member of the high-mobility group (HMG) protein family and plays a key role in mitochondrial biogenesis and function .
Key Biological Properties: Mitochondrial transcription factors, such as TFAM, are essential for the maintenance and expression of mtDNA. They bind to the mitochondrial promoter regions to initiate transcription .
Expression Patterns: TFAM is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, with higher expression levels in tissues with high energy demands, such as the heart, skeletal muscles, and brain .
Tissue Distribution: TFAM is found in the mitochondrial matrix and is associated with mitochondrial nucleoids, which are structures that contain mtDNA and associated proteins .
Primary Biological Functions: Mitochondrial transcription factors are involved in the transcription and replication of mtDNA. They ensure the proper expression of mitochondrial genes necessary for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Mitochondrial transcription factors can influence immune responses by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other signaling molecules involved in pathogen recognition and immune activation .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: TFAM interacts with mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) and transcription factor B2, mitochondrial (TFB2M) to form a transcription initiation complex . This complex binds to the mitochondrial promoter regions to initiate transcription .
Binding Partners: TFAM binds to mtDNA and bends it to facilitate the binding of other transcriptional machinery .
Downstream Signaling Cascades: The transcription of mitochondrial genes leads to the production of proteins involved in the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis, which are critical for cellular energy production .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of mitochondrial transcription factors is regulated by nuclear transcription factors and signaling pathways that respond to cellular energy demands and stress .
Post-Translational Modifications: TFAM can undergo post-translational modifications, such as acetylation and phosphorylation, which can affect its stability, DNA-binding affinity, and transcriptional activity .
Biomedical Research: Mitochondrial transcription factors are studied to understand their role in mitochondrial diseases, aging, and metabolic disorders .
Diagnostic Tools: Changes in the expression levels of mitochondrial transcription factors can serve as biomarkers for mitochondrial dysfunction and related diseases .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting mitochondrial transcription factors can be a potential therapeutic approach for treating mitochondrial diseases and improving mitochondrial function in various conditions .
Development: Mitochondrial transcription factors are essential for embryonic development as they regulate the expression of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis and function .
Aging and Disease: The activity of mitochondrial transcription factors can decline with age, leading to reduced mitochondrial function and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases . Dysregulation of these factors is also associated with various neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders .
