Recombinant Proteins
Product List
ARHGDIA Human
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) alpha Human Recombinant
ARHGDIB Human
Rho GDP Dissociation Inhibitor (GDI) Beta Human Recombinant
ARHGDIB is fused to a 227 amino acid GST-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Rho GDP Dissociation Inhibitors (RhoGDIs) are regulatory proteins that control the activity of Rho GTPases by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from these molecules, thereby maintaining them in an inactive state . RhoGDIs are classified into three main types: RhoGDI1 (ARHGDIA), RhoGDI2 (ARHGDIB), and RhoGDI3 (ARHGDIG) .
Key Biological Properties: RhoGDIs are essential for the regulation of Rho GTPases, which are involved in various cellular processes such as cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: RhoGDIs are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, with specific expression patterns depending on the type of RhoGDI. For instance, RhoGDI1 is widely expressed in many tissues, while RhoGDI2 is predominantly found in hematopoietic cells .
Primary Biological Functions: RhoGDIs play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of Rho GTPases by regulating their GDP/GTP exchange reaction . They retain Rho proteins such as CDC42, RAC1, and RHOA in an inactive cytosolic pool, thereby regulating their stability and protecting them from degradation .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: RhoGDIs are involved in the activation of the oxygen superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, which is essential for the immune response against pathogens .
RhoGDIs negatively regulate Rho proteins in three main ways:
- Shielding the Membrane-Anchoring Domain: By shielding the membrane-anchoring domain of the GTPases, RhoGDIs restrict them to a cytosolic (nonactive) localization .
- Blocking Interaction with GEFs: RhoGDIs block the interaction of Rho GTPases with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), thereby inhibiting their activation .
- Blocking Binding to Downstream Targets: RhoGDIs block the binding of Rho GTPases to downstream target molecules, such as various kinases regulated by small GTPases .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of RhoGDIs is regulated at the transcriptional level by various factors, including transcription factors and non-coding RNAs .
Post-Translational Modifications: RhoGDIs undergo several post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and sumoylation, which dynamically regulate their activity and interaction with Rho GTPases .
Biomedical Research: RhoGDIs are studied extensively in cancer research due to their role in regulating cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation .
Diagnostic Tools: Alterations in the expression of RhoGDIs can serve as biomarkers for certain cancers and other diseases .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting RhoGDIs and their regulatory pathways holds potential for developing new therapeutic strategies for cancer and other diseases .
RhoGDIs play a significant role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. They are involved in various developmental processes, including cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis . In aging, alterations in RhoGDI function can contribute to age-related diseases and conditions .
