Recombinant Proteins
Product List
Anaplasma Msp5
Anaplasma phagocytophilum Msp5 Recombinant
Recombinant Anaplasma Msp5 produced in SF9 is a glycosylated, polypeptide chain having a calculated molecular mass of 20kDa.
Anaplasma Msp5 is expressed with a -6x His tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Anaplasma OmpA
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum OmpA Recombinant
Anaplasma OmpA produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain having a molecular mass of 24kDa. Anaplasma OmpA is expressed with a 10xHis tag and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Anaplasma p44
Anaplasma phagocytophilum p44 Recombinant
Recombinant Anaplasma p44 produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain having a molecular mass of 49kDa.
Anaplasma p44 is expressed with a -10x His tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Anaplasma is a genus of gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Anaplasmataceae, order Rickettsiales . These bacteria are obligate intracellular pathogens that primarily infect the blood cells of various hosts, including humans and animals . The most notable species within this genus is Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) .
Key Biological Properties: Anaplasma species are gram-negative, non-motile bacteria that reside within the host’s blood cells . They are transmitted primarily through tick bites .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects neutrophils and endothelial cells in various hosts, including ruminants, horses, dogs, and humans . The bacteria can be found in the blood and other tissues where these cells are present .
Primary Biological Functions: Anaplasma species play a significant role in immune responses and pathogen recognition. They can manipulate host cell functions to evade the immune system and ensure their survival .
Role in Immune Responses: Anaplasma phagocytophilum can inhibit host cell apoptosis and modulate the immune response to create a favorable environment for its replication .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Anaplasma phagocytophilum uses various effector proteins, such as Ats-1, to interact with host cell proteins and manipulate cellular processes . These interactions help the bacteria evade the immune system and promote their survival and replication .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Ats-1, an effector protein of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, interacts with syntenin-1 (SDCBP) to enhance exosome secretion in host cells . This interaction plays a crucial role in regulating host cell functions and promoting bacterial survival .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: Anaplasma phagocytophilum regulates host cell apoptosis and energy metabolism through the respiratory chain mPTP axis . This regulation helps the bacteria maintain a favorable environment for their replication and survival .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The bacteria use various mechanisms to control the expression of their effector proteins and modulate host cell functions . These mechanisms include transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications .
Biomedical Research: Anaplasma species are used as model organisms to study tick-borne diseases and host-pathogen interactions . Research on Anaplasma has provided valuable insights into the biology of ticks and the mechanisms of pathogen transmission .
Diagnostic Tools: Molecular techniques, such as PCR, are used to detect Anaplasma infections in humans and animals . These diagnostic tools are essential for early detection and treatment of anaplasmosis .
Therapeutic Strategies: The primary treatment for anaplasmosis is doxycycline, an antibiotic that is effective against Anaplasma infections . Research is ongoing to develop new therapeutic strategies and improve existing treatments .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Anaplasma species have a complex life cycle that involves both tick vectors and mammalian hosts . The bacteria are transmitted to mammals through tick bites and infect blood cells, where they replicate and spread . The infected host can then transmit the bacteria to other ticks, continuing the cycle .
From Development to Aging and Disease: Anaplasma infections can cause various clinical symptoms, ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to severe complications . The bacteria can persist in the host for extended periods, leading to chronic infections and potential long-term health effects .
