Recombinant Proteins
Product List
PDZD11 Human
PDZ Domain Containing 11 Human Recombinant
PDZD11 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PDZK1 Human
PDZ Domain Containing 1 Human Recombinant
Introduction
PDZ domains are common structural domains of 80-90 amino acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses, and animals . The term “PDZ” is derived from the first three proteins discovered to share the domain: post-synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1) . PDZ domains are typically involved in anchoring receptor proteins in the membrane to cytoskeletal components and organizing signaling complexes at cellular membranes .
PDZ domains are abundant protein interaction modules that often recognize short amino acid motifs at the C-termini of target proteins . They are found in various species and are involved in multiple biological processes such as transport, ion channel signaling, and other signal transduction systems . PDZ domains are nearly always found in cytoplasmic proteins and consist of six β-strands and two α-helices, compactly arranged in a globular structure . They are expressed in various tissues and have diverse expression patterns depending on the specific PDZ domain-containing protein .
PDZ domains play crucial roles in the primary biological functions of cells. They are involved in trafficking and clustering receptors and ion channels at defined membrane regions, organizing and targeting signaling complexes at specific cellular compartments, interfacing cytoskeletal structures with membranes, and maintaining various cellular structures . PDZ domains also play significant roles in immune responses and pathogen recognition by organizing signaling complexes that are essential for these processes .
PDZ domains function through dynamic interactions with other molecules and cells. They typically recognize the extreme C-termini of target proteins but can also recognize internal sequence motifs through a single binding site on the domains . PDZ domains interact with various binding partners, including peptides and lipids, and are involved in downstream signaling cascades that regulate multiple cellular processes . These interactions are crucial for the formation and function of signal transduction complexes .
The expression and activity of PDZ domain-containing proteins are regulated through various mechanisms. Transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, play significant roles in controlling PDZ-mediated interactions . The regulatory mechanisms ensure the proper functioning of PDZ domains in various cellular processes and maintain the stability of their interactions with binding partners .
PDZ domains have numerous applications in biomedical research, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies. They are used to study protein-protein interactions and signaling pathways, which are essential for understanding various diseases and developing targeted therapies . PDZ domains are also utilized in the design of diagnostic tools for detecting specific protein interactions and in the development of therapeutic strategies for diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders .
PDZ domain-containing proteins play vital roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. They are involved in the development of cellular structures, maintenance of cell polarity, and regulation of cell proliferation . PDZ domains also contribute to the aging process and the development of age-related diseases by regulating signaling pathways that control cellular functions . Additionally, they play roles in the progression of various diseases, including cancer, by modulating signaling pathways and cellular interactions .
