Recombinant Proteins
Product List
LAIR1 Human
Leukocyte-Associated Ig-Like Receptor 1 Human Recombinant
LAIR1 Mouse
Leukocyte-Associated Ig-Like Receptor 1 Mouse Recombinant
LAIR1 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
LAIR2 Human
Leukocyte-Associated Ig-Like Receptor 2 Human Recombinant
LAIR2 is fused to a 25 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (LAIRs) are a family of inhibitory receptors predominantly expressed on immune cells. They belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily and are characterized by the presence of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) in their cytoplasmic tails . These receptors play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis by modulating immune cell activation and preventing excessive inflammatory responses .
Key Biological Properties: LAIRs are known for their inhibitory functions, which are mediated through ITIMs. Upon ligand binding, these motifs become phosphorylated and recruit phosphatases such as SHP-1 and SHP-2, leading to the dephosphorylation of key signaling molecules and inhibition of cellular activation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: LAIRs are broadly expressed on various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes . They are also found on hematopoietic progenitor cells and certain non-immune cells . The expression of LAIRs can vary depending on the cell type and activation state .
Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of LAIRs is to inhibit immune cell activation and maintain immune homeostasis . They achieve this by modulating signaling pathways that lead to the suppression of cytokine production, cell proliferation, and cytotoxic activity .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: LAIRs play a critical role in regulating immune responses to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage . They are involved in the recognition of pathogens and the modulation of immune responses to ensure a balanced and effective defense against infections .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: LAIRs interact with various ligands, including collagen and collagen-like proteins . These interactions lead to the phosphorylation of ITIMs and the recruitment of phosphatases, which inhibit downstream signaling cascades .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The primary binding partners of LAIRs are collagen and collagen-like proteins . Upon binding, LAIRs recruit phosphatases such as SHP-1 and SHP-2, which dephosphorylate key signaling molecules and inhibit cellular activation . This results in the suppression of cytokine production, cell proliferation, and cytotoxic activity .
Regulatory Mechanisms that Control Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of LAIRs are tightly regulated at multiple levels . Transcriptional regulation involves various transcription factors that modulate the expression of LAIR genes . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, also play a crucial role in regulating the activity and stability of LAIRs .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1 are involved in the regulation of LAIR gene expression . Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation of ITIMs and ubiquitination, are essential for the activation and degradation of LAIRs .
Biomedical Research: LAIRs are valuable tools in biomedical research for studying immune regulation and developing therapeutic strategies . They are used to investigate the mechanisms of immune inhibition and the role of inhibitory receptors in various diseases .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: LAIRs have potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics . They can be used as biomarkers for immune-related diseases and as targets for developing therapies to modulate immune responses . Therapeutic strategies targeting LAIRs include the development of agonists or antagonists to modulate their inhibitory functions .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: LAIRs play a role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . During development, LAIRs are involved in the differentiation and maturation of immune cells . In aging, the expression and function of LAIRs may change, contributing to age-related immune dysfunction . In disease, dysregulation of LAIRs is associated with various immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases and cancers .
From Development to Aging and Disease: LAIRs are crucial for the proper development and function of the immune system . Their expression and activity are tightly regulated to ensure immune homeostasis and prevent excessive inflammation . Dysregulation of LAIRs can lead to immune-related disorders, highlighting their importance in maintaining immune balance throughout the life cycle .
