Recombinant Proteins
Product List
GDI1 Human
GDP Dissociation Inhibitor 1 Human Recombinant
GDI1 is fused to 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GDI2 Human
GDP Dissociation Inhibitor 2 Human Recombinant
GDI2 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
GDP Dissociation Inhibitors (GDIs) are a family of proteins that regulate the GDP-GTP exchange reaction of small GTPases, particularly those of the Rho and Rab families . GDIs bind to the GDP-bound form of these GTPases, preventing the exchange of GDP for GTP and thus maintaining the GTPase in an inactive state . This regulatory role is crucial for vesicular membrane traffic and other cellular processes .
Key Biological Properties: GDIs are characterized by their ability to bind to the GDP-bound form of small GTPases and inhibit their activation . They also prevent the localization of these GTPases to the membrane, which is their site of action .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: GDIs are expressed in various tissues, with specific isoforms showing distinct expression patterns. For example, GDI1 is primarily expressed in neural and sensory tissues .
Primary Biological Functions: GDIs play a critical role in regulating the activity of small GTPases, which are involved in various cellular processes such as vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, and cell signaling . By maintaining GTPases in their inactive state, GDIs ensure proper cellular function and prevent aberrant signaling .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: GDIs are involved in immune responses by regulating the activity of GTPases that control the movement and function of immune cells . They also play a role in pathogen recognition by modulating the signaling pathways that are activated in response to infection .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: GDIs interact with small GTPases by binding to their GDP-bound form and preventing their activation . This interaction is crucial for maintaining the GTPase in an inactive state and preventing its localization to the membrane .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: GDIs bind to the GDP-bound form of Rho and Rab small GTPases, preventing their activation and subsequent signaling . This inhibition can be reversed by the action of GDI displacement factors, which release the GTPase from the GDI and allow it to become active .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of GDIs are regulated by various mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . For example, phosphorylation and sumoylation can modulate the activity of GDIs and their ability to bind to GTPases .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Transcriptional regulation of GDIs involves the control of gene expression by various transcription factors . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, can alter the activity and function of GDIs, affecting their ability to regulate GTPase activity .
Biomedical Research: GDIs are used in biomedical research to study the regulation of small GTPases and their role in various cellular processes . They are also used to investigate the mechanisms of diseases that involve dysregulated GTPase activity .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: GDIs have potential applications as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in diseases such as cancer, where dysregulated GTPase activity plays a role in disease progression . By targeting GDIs, it may be possible to develop new therapeutic strategies to modulate GTPase activity and treat these diseases .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: GDIs play a role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . During development, GDIs regulate the activity of GTPases that control cell growth and differentiation . In aging and disease, GDIs continue to regulate GTPase activity, ensuring proper cellular function and preventing aberrant signaling .
From Development to Aging and Disease: GDIs are involved in various stages of the life cycle, from the early stages of development to the later stages of aging and disease . Their regulatory role is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing the development of diseases associated with dysregulated GTPase activity .
