Recombinant Proteins
Product List
ID1 Human
Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 Human Recombinant
ID2 Human
Inhibitor of DNA Binding 2 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins are a family of proteins that heterodimerize with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors to inhibit DNA binding of bHLH proteins . ID proteins contain the HLH-dimerization domain but lack the basic DNA-binding domain, thus regulating bHLH transcription factors when they heterodimerize with them . There are four ID proteins in humans: ID1, ID2, ID3, and ID4 .
Key Biological Properties: ID proteins are key regulators of development, preventing premature differentiation of stem cells . They promote cell cycle progression, delay senescence, and facilitate cell migration .
Expression Patterns: ID proteins are highly expressed in embryonic stem cells but not in differentiated adult cells . They are overexpressed in many types of cancer, such as pancreatic, breast, and prostate cancers .
Tissue Distribution: ID proteins are found in various tissues, including the brain, heart, and other organs .
Primary Biological Functions: ID proteins regulate the timing of differentiation of stem cells during development by inhibiting the formation of E-protein dimers that promote differentiation . They also play a role in cell cycle progression and migration .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: ID proteins are involved in the regulation of immune responses and pathogen recognition by modulating the activity of various transcription factors .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: ID proteins interact with bHLH transcription factors, preventing them from binding to DNA and thus inhibiting transcription . They also interact with other proteins, such as the retinoblastoma protein and paired-box transcription factors .
Binding Partners: ID proteins form heterodimers with bHLH transcription factors, such as E proteins, to inhibit their DNA-binding activity .
Downstream Signaling Cascades: By inhibiting bHLH transcription factors, ID proteins regulate various downstream signaling cascades involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of ID proteins is regulated by various transcription factors and signaling pathways .
Post-Translational Modifications: ID proteins undergo post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, which can affect their activity and interactions with other proteins .
Biomedical Research: ID proteins are studied for their role in development, cancer, and other diseases .
Diagnostic Tools: ID proteins can be used as biomarkers for certain types of cancer and other diseases .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting ID proteins may provide new therapeutic strategies for cancer and other diseases .
Development: ID proteins are essential for normal development, regulating the timing of differentiation of stem cells .
Aging and Disease: Dysregulation of ID proteins can contribute to tumorigenesis and other diseases . They are involved in various stages of the life cycle, from development to aging and disease .
