Recombinant Proteins
Product List
GTF2A1 Human
General Transcription Factor IIA, 1 Human Recombinant
GTF2B Human
General Transcription Factor IIB Human Recombinant
GTF2E2 Human
General Transcription Factor IIE, Polypeptide 2 Human Recombinant
GTF2E2 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GTF2F2 Human
General Transcription Factor IIF, Polypeptide 2 Human Recombinant
GTF2F2 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GTF2H5 Human
General Transcription Factor IIH Polypeptide 5 Human Recombinant
GTF2H5 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
GTF3C6 Human
General Transcription Factor IIIC Polypeptide 6 Human Recombinant
GTF3C6 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
General transcription factors (GTFs) are essential proteins that facilitate the transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA). They are crucial for the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. GTFs are classified into several types based on their roles and functions, including TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH.
Key Biological Properties: GTFs are characterized by their ability to bind to specific DNA sequences and recruit RNA polymerase II to the promoter region of genes. They possess DNA-binding domains and activation domains that interact with other transcription factors and coactivators.
Expression Patterns: GTFs are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells, reflecting their fundamental role in gene expression.
Tissue Distribution: While GTFs are present in all tissues, their activity and expression levels can vary depending on the tissue type and the specific gene being transcribed.
Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of GTFs is to facilitate the assembly of the pre-initiation complex (PIC) at the promoter region of genes, enabling the transcription of DNA into mRNA.
Role in Immune Responses: GTFs play a role in the regulation of genes involved in immune responses, including those encoding cytokines and other immune-related proteins.
Pathogen Recognition: GTFs can influence the expression of genes involved in pathogen recognition and the subsequent immune response, thereby contributing to the body’s defense mechanisms.
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: GTFs interact with various molecules, including other transcription factors, coactivators, and chromatin remodelers, to regulate gene expression.
Binding Partners: GTFs bind to specific DNA sequences known as promoter regions, as well as to other proteins that are part of the transcription machinery.
Downstream Signaling Cascades: The binding of GTFs to DNA and their interaction with RNA polymerase II initiate a cascade of events that lead to the transcription of target genes.
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of GTFs are tightly regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional modifications, and protein-protein interactions.
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of GTFs is controlled by various transcription factors and regulatory elements within their promoter regions.
Post-Translational Modifications: GTFs can undergo post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, which can modulate their activity and stability.
Biomedical Research: GTFs are extensively studied in biomedical research to understand their role in gene regulation and their implications in various diseases.
Diagnostic Tools: GTFs can serve as biomarkers for certain diseases, and their expression levels can be used in diagnostic assays.
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting GTFs and their regulatory pathways holds potential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders.
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: GTFs play a critical role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging. They are involved in the regulation of genes essential for development, differentiation, and cellular homeostasis.
Development: During development, GTFs regulate the expression of genes required for cell proliferation, differentiation, and organogenesis.
Aging and Disease: Dysregulation of GTFs can contribute to aging and the development of various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases.
