Recombinant Proteins
Product List
DLX3 Human
Distal-Less Homeobox 3 Human Recombinant
DLX3 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HHEX Human
Hematopoietically Expressed Homeobox Human Recombinant
HOPX Human
HOP homeobox Human Recombinant
HOPX is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HOXA9 Human
Homeobox A9 Human Recombinant
HOXA9 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HOXB13 Human
Homeobox B13 Human Recombinant
HOXC11 Human
Homeobox C11 Human Recombinant
MEOX2 Human
Mesenchyme Homeobox 2 Human Recombinant
NKX3-1 Human
NK3 Homeobox 1 Human Recombinant
NKX3-1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PRRX1 Human
Paired Related Homeobox 1 Human Recombinant
Introduction
A homeobox is a DNA sequence, approximately 180 base pairs long, that encodes a domain known as a homeodomain. This domain binds to specific DNA sequences and functions as a transcriptional regulator during development . Homeobox genes are classified into several classes and families based on their sequence similarities and functions. The most commonly recognized groupings include the ANTP, PRD, LIM, POU, HNF, SINE, TALE, CUT, PROS, and ZF groups .
Key Biological Properties: Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that play crucial roles in regulating gene expression and cell differentiation during early embryonic development . They are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development (morphogenesis) in animals, fungi, plants, and numerous single-cell eukaryotes .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Homeobox genes are spatially and temporally expressed during early embryological development. Their expression patterns are highly conserved and shared across a wide array of living taxa . They are found in various tissues, including the nervous system, where they control the development of several cell types .
Primary Biological Functions: Homeobox genes act as master control genes, meaning that a single protein can regulate the expression of many target genes . They are critical for regulating gene expression and controlling various aspects of morphogenesis and cell differentiation .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While homeobox genes are primarily known for their roles in development, some studies suggest they may also play roles in immune responses and pathogen recognition. However, this area requires further research to fully understand their involvement.
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Homeobox genes encode homeodomain proteins that function as transcription factors. These proteins bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate the expression of target genes . They interact with other transcription factors and co-regulators to form complexes that control gene expression .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Homeodomain proteins often form complexes with other proteins to regulate gene expression. These complexes can activate or repress the transcription of target genes, leading to downstream signaling cascades that control various developmental processes .
Transcriptional Regulation: Homeobox genes are regulated at the transcriptional level by various factors, including other transcription factors and signaling molecules . They contain cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions that control their expression patterns .
Post-Translational Modifications: Homeodomain proteins can undergo post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, which can affect their stability, localization, and activity .
Biomedical Research: Homeobox genes are extensively studied in biomedical research due to their crucial roles in development and disease. They are used as markers to study developmental processes and to understand congenital abnormalities .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Homeobox genes have potential applications in diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. For example, mutations in homeobox genes can serve as biomarkers for certain developmental disorders . Additionally, targeting homeobox genes or their pathways could provide new therapeutic approaches for treating diseases .
Development: Homeobox genes play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from early embryonic development to adulthood. They regulate the formation of body segments, organs, and tissues .
Aging and Disease: Homeobox genes continue to be important in maintaining tissue homeostasis and function throughout life. Dysregulation of homeobox genes can lead to various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders .
