Recombinant Proteins
Product List
Haptoglobin
Haptoglobin Human Recombinant
Haptoglobin Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing fusion protein with His tag and having a total Mw of 33 kDa (4 kDa His-tag).
Haptoglobin (19-347) Human
Haptoglobin (19-347 a.a) Human Recombinant
Haptoglobin Human, Sf9
Haptoglobin Human Recombinant, Sf9
Haptoglobin produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain (19-347 a.a.) and fused to a 6 aa His Tag at C-terminus containing a total of 338 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 37.7kDa. Haptoglobin shows multiple bands between 40-57kDa on SDS-PAGE, reducing conditions and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HPR Human
Haptoglobin-Related Protein Human Recombinant
Introduction
Haptoglobin (Hp) is a glycoprotein primarily produced by the liver. It is encoded by the HP gene located on chromosome 16 in humans . Haptoglobin is classified as an acute-phase protein, which means its levels increase in response to inflammation. It exists in different phenotypes, mainly Hp1-1, Hp2-2, and Hp2-1, determined by genetic variations .
Key Biological Properties: Haptoglobin binds free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes, preventing oxidative damage and kidney injury . It also has antioxidant properties and plays a role in immune modulation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Haptoglobin is predominantly synthesized by hepatocytes but is also produced by other tissues such as the skin, lungs, and kidneys . It is found in high concentrations in the blood plasma and is also expressed in adipose tissue .
Primary Biological Functions: The main function of haptoglobin is to bind free hemoglobin, forming a haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex that is rapidly cleared by macrophages . This process prevents the loss of iron and protects tissues from oxidative damage .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Haptoglobin has immunomodulatory properties, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the modulation of immune cell functions . It also acts as a bacteriostatic agent by binding to hemoglobin and preventing bacterial growth .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Haptoglobin binds to free hemoglobin with high affinity, forming a complex that is recognized and internalized by the CD163 receptor on macrophages . This interaction facilitates the clearance of hemoglobin and the recycling of iron .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex is taken up by macrophages through receptor-mediated endocytosis . This process triggers anti-inflammatory signaling pathways and reduces oxidative stress .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: Haptoglobin expression is regulated by cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1 during the acute-phase response . Transcription factors like CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) also play a role in its regulation .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Haptoglobin undergoes various post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, which affects its stability and function . These modifications are crucial for its role in immune responses and hemoglobin binding .
Biomedical Research: Haptoglobin is studied as a biomarker for various diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancers . Its levels in the blood can indicate the presence of hemolytic anemia and other pathological conditions .
Diagnostic Tools: Haptoglobin assays are used in clinical settings to diagnose and monitor hemolytic anemia . Elevated levels can indicate acute inflammation, while decreased levels suggest hemolysis .
Therapeutic Strategies: Research is ongoing to explore haptoglobin’s potential in therapeutic applications, such as reducing oxidative stress and modulating immune responses in various diseases .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Haptoglobin plays a critical role from development to aging. During development, it helps in protecting tissues from oxidative damage . In aging and disease, its levels and function can be altered, contributing to the pathophysiology of conditions like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes .
Haptoglobin’s multifaceted roles in the body make it a crucial protein for maintaining homeostasis and protecting against various pathological conditions.
