Recombinant Proteins
Product List
TARBP2 Human
TAR RNA Binding Protein 2 Human Recombinant
TARBP2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TARDBP (1-414) Human
TAR DNA Binding Protein (1-414 a.a.) Human Recombinant
TARDBP is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TARDBP (1-414) Human, His
TAR DNA Binding Protein (1-414 a.a.) Human Recombinant, His Tag
TARDBP Human
TAR DNA Binding Protein Human Recombinant
Introduction
TAR DNA refers to the trans-activation response (TAR) element, a sequence found in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome. This sequence forms a hairpin structure that is crucial for the transcriptional activation of the viral genome . TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a protein that binds to TAR DNA and is encoded by the TARDBP gene .
Key Biological Properties: TDP-43 is a 414 amino acid protein with multiple domains, including an N-terminal domain, two RNA recognition motifs, and a C-terminal domain . It binds both DNA and RNA, playing roles in transcriptional repression, pre-mRNA splicing, and translational regulation .
Expression Patterns: TDP-43 is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, with high levels in the brain and spinal cord .
Tissue Distribution: TDP-43 is predominantly localized in the nucleus but can shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm .
Primary Biological Functions: TDP-43 is involved in multiple cellular processes, including transcriptional repression, RNA splicing, and mRNA stability . It binds to the TAR DNA sequence of HIV-1, repressing viral transcription .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: TDP-43’s role in immune responses is primarily linked to its interaction with viral elements like TAR DNA, influencing the transcriptional activity of the virus .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: TDP-43 interacts with various RNA and DNA sequences, influencing their processing and stability . It forms complexes with other proteins, such as hnRNPs, to regulate RNA metabolism .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: TDP-43 binds to UG-rich intronic regions of RNA, affecting splicing and stability . It also interacts with proteins involved in stress granule formation and autophagy .
Transcriptional Regulation: TDP-43 regulates its own expression through an autoregulatory feedback loop . It binds to its mRNA, influencing its stability and translation .
Post-Translational Modifications: TDP-43 undergoes various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and cleavage . These modifications affect its localization, stability, and function .
Biomedical Research: TDP-43 is a significant focus in neurodegenerative disease research, particularly in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) .
Diagnostic Tools: TDP-43 inclusions are used as biomarkers for diagnosing ALS and FTLD .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting TDP-43 aggregation and mislocalization is a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases .
