Recombinant Proteins
Product List
FHL2 Human
Four And A Half LIM Domains 2 Human Recombinant
FHL3 Human
Four And A Half LIM Domains 3 Human Recombinant
Introduction
The Four And A Half LIM (FHL) protein family consists of proteins characterized by the presence of four complete LIM domains and an additional half LIM domain at the N-terminus. LIM domains are highly conserved double zinc finger motifs that mediate protein-protein interactions. The FHL family includes FHL1, FHL2, FHL3, and FHL4, each displaying unique developmental and organ-specific expression patterns .
Key Biological Properties: FHL proteins are multifunctional and participate in various cellular processes, including regulation of cell survival, transcription, and signal transduction .
Expression Patterns: FHL proteins are expressed in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. For instance, FHL1 and FHL3 are predominantly found in skeletal muscle, while FHL2 is primarily expressed in cardiac muscle .
Tissue Distribution: FHL proteins are distributed across various tissues. FHL1 is found in skeletal muscle, FHL2 in cardiac muscle, and FHL3 and FHL4 in other tissues, including the brain and liver .
Primary Biological Functions: FHL proteins play crucial roles in muscle development, myopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. They are involved in linking proteins to both the actin cytoskeleton and transcriptional machinery .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: FHL proteins have been implicated in immune responses and pathogen recognition. For example, FHL1 has been identified as a major host factor for chikungunya virus infection .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: FHL proteins act as molecular transmitters linking various signaling pathways to transcriptional regulation. They interact with multiple proteins, including kinases, transcription factors, and structural proteins .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: FHL proteins form multimeric protein complexes through their LIM domains, which serve as platforms for protein-protein interactions. These interactions regulate downstream signaling cascades involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of FHL proteins are regulated by multiple mechanisms, including gene transcription, protein translation, trafficking, and membrane localization .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: FHL proteins undergo alternative splicing, resulting in different isoforms with distinct functions. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in regulating their activity .
Biomedical Research: FHL proteins are valuable in biomedical research due to their involvement in various cellular processes and diseases. They serve as models for studying muscle development, myopathy, and cardiovascular diseases .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: FHL proteins have potential applications in diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. For example, FHL2’s role in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure makes it a target for developing treatments for these conditions .
