Recombinant Proteins
Product List
CALB1 Human
Calbindin-1 Human Recombinant
The CALB1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CALB1 Rat
Calbindin-1 Rat Recombinant
The Rat CALB1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CALB2 Human
Calbindin-2 Human Recombinant
CALB2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 291 amino acids (1-271 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 33.7kDa.
The CALB2 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CALB2 Mouse
Calbindin-2 Mouse Recombinant
The Calretinin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Calbindin refers to a family of calcium-binding proteins that play crucial roles in calcium signaling and homeostasis. The primary members of this family include calbindin-D28k, calbindin-D9k, and calretinin. These proteins were initially identified as vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding proteins in the intestines and kidneys of birds and mammals. They are classified based on the number of calcium-binding EF-hand motifs they possess .
Calbindin proteins exhibit several key biological properties:
- Calcium Binding: Calbindin-D28k contains six EF-hand motifs, four of which actively bind calcium ions, while the remaining two have lost their calcium-binding capacity .
- Expression Patterns: Calbindin-D28k is expressed in various tissues, including the intestines, kidneys, and several neuronal and endocrine cells, particularly in the cerebellum .
- Tissue Distribution: Calbindin-D28k is predominantly found in the intestines, kidneys, and brain, with significant expression in the cerebellum .
Calbindin proteins serve several primary biological functions:
- Calcium Buffering: Calbindin acts as a calcium buffer, helping to regulate intracellular calcium levels and prevent calcium overload .
- Calcium Sensing: Calbindin functions as a calcium sensor, modulating various cellular processes in response to changes in calcium concentration .
- Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While calbindin’s role in immune responses and pathogen recognition is not well-documented, its involvement in calcium signaling suggests potential regulatory functions in immune cell activation and response .
Calbindin interacts with other molecules and cells through several mechanisms:
- Binding Partners: Calbindin binds calcium ions through its EF-hand motifs, allowing it to act as a calcium buffer and sensor .
- Downstream Signaling Cascades: By modulating intracellular calcium levels, calbindin influences various downstream signaling pathways, including those involved in synaptic plasticity, muscle contraction, and enzyme regulation .
The expression and activity of calbindin are regulated through multiple mechanisms:
- Transcriptional Regulation: Calbindin is a vitamin D-responsive gene, with its expression being upregulated by vitamin D in tissues such as the intestines .
- Post-Translational Modifications: Calbindin undergoes post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, which can influence its calcium-binding capacity and interactions with other proteins .
Calbindin has several applications in biomedical research and clinical practice:
- Biomedical Research: Calbindin is used as a marker for specific neuronal populations and is studied for its role in calcium signaling and neuroprotection .
- Diagnostic Tools: Calbindin levels can serve as biomarkers for certain neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia .
- Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting calbindin pathways may offer therapeutic potential for conditions involving calcium dysregulation, such as neurodegenerative diseases .
Calbindin plays a role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease:
- Development: During development, calbindin is involved in calcium homeostasis and signaling, which are critical for proper cellular differentiation and function .
- Aging: Calbindin expression may decline with age, potentially contributing to age-related changes in calcium homeostasis and increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases .
- Disease: Altered calbindin expression and function have been implicated in various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and certain cancers .
