Recombinant Proteins
Product List
NUCB2 Human
Nucleobindin-2 Human Recombinant
NUCB2 Human, His
Nucleobindin-2 Human Recombinant, His Tag
NUCB2 Mouse
Nucleobindin-2 Mouse Recombinant
NUCB2 is fused to a 21 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Nucleobindin, also known as NUCB, is a family of calcium-binding proteins that includes Nucleobindin-1 (NUCB1) and Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2). These proteins are characterized by their EF-hand calcium-binding domains and leucine zipper motifs, which are crucial for their function in calcium homeostasis and signal transduction .
Key Biological Properties: Nucleobindins are multifunctional proteins involved in various physiological processes. They are known for their ability to bind calcium ions, which is essential for their role in cellular signaling .
Expression Patterns: NUCB1 and NUCB2 are widely expressed in various tissues. NUCB2, for instance, is highly expressed in the hypothalamus, stomach, pancreas, and adipose tissue .
Tissue Distribution: NUCB1 is predominantly found in the Golgi apparatus, where it plays a role in calcium homeostasis. NUCB2, on the other hand, is distributed in both central and peripheral tissues, indicating its involvement in diverse physiological functions .
Primary Biological Functions: Nucleobindins are involved in several key biological processes, including calcium signaling, energy homeostasis, and cell proliferation. NUCB2, in particular, is known for its role in regulating appetite and energy balance through its cleavage product, nesfatin-1 .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Nucleobindins have been implicated in immune responses, where they interact with various immune cells and modulate inflammatory processes. They also play a role in pathogen recognition by binding to microbial components and facilitating their clearance .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Nucleobindins interact with a variety of molecules and cells through their calcium-binding domains and leucine zipper motifs. These interactions are crucial for their role in signal transduction and cellular communication .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: NUCB2, for example, binds to G-protein-coupled receptors and activates downstream signaling pathways such as the mTORC1 pathway, which is involved in cell growth and metabolism .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of nucleobindins are tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Transcription factors such as KLF4 and various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and acetylation, play a significant role in modulating their function .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: NUCB2 expression is regulated by transcription factors that respond to cellular stress and metabolic signals. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, further modulate its activity and stability .
Biomedical Research: Nucleobindins are valuable tools in biomedical research due to their involvement in critical physiological processes. They are used to study calcium signaling, energy homeostasis, and cell proliferation .
Diagnostic Tools: NUCB2 and its cleavage product, nesfatin-1, have potential as biomarkers for various diseases, including metabolic disorders and cancers. Their expression levels can provide insights into disease progression and prognosis .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting nucleobindins and their signaling pathways holds promise for developing new therapeutic strategies for conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Nucleobindins play a crucial role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging. During development, they are involved in cellular differentiation and organogenesis. In adulthood, they regulate metabolic processes and maintain cellular homeostasis .
From Development to Aging and Disease: As organisms age, the expression and function of nucleobindins may change, contributing to age-related diseases such as cancer and metabolic disorders. Understanding these changes can provide insights into the mechanisms of aging and disease progression .
