Recombinant Proteins
Product List
ELP4 Human
Elongator Acetyltransferase Complex Subunit 4 Human Recombinant
ELP4 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
ELP5 Human
Elongator Acetyltransferase Complex Subunit 5 Human Recombinant
ELP5 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
The Elongator Acetyltransferase Complex, commonly referred to as the Elongator complex, is a highly conserved multi-subunit protein complex found in eukaryotes. It consists of six core subunits: Elp1, Elp2, Elp3, Elp4, Elp5, and Elp6 . The complex is classified under the category of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) due to its ability to acetylate histones and other proteins .
The Elongator complex is involved in various cellular processes, including transcriptional elongation, exocytosis, telomeric gene silencing, and DNA damage response . It is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells and shows a high degree of evolutionary conservation . The complex is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm but can also be found in the nucleus, where it interacts with RNA polymerase II .
The primary biological functions of the Elongator complex include:
- Transcriptional Elongation: It facilitates the elongation phase of transcription by RNA polymerase II .
- tRNA Modification: The complex is involved in the modification of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), particularly the wobble uridine modification, which is crucial for accurate and efficient protein translation .
- Neurodevelopment: It plays a significant role in the development and function of the nervous system .
- Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: The Elongator complex is implicated in the regulation of genes involved in immune responses and pathogen recognition .
The Elongator complex interacts with various molecules and cells through several mechanisms:
- Binding Partners: It forms stable interactions with RNA polymerase II and other transcriptional regulators .
- Downstream Signaling Cascades: The complex influences downstream signaling pathways by acetylating histones and other proteins, thereby modulating gene expression .
- tRNA Acetylation: Elp3, the catalytic subunit, acetylates the C5 position of wobble-base uridines in tRNAs, linking acetyl-CoA metabolism to protein synthesis .
The expression and activity of the Elongator complex are regulated through various mechanisms:
- Transcriptional Regulation: The genes encoding the Elongator subunits are regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors .
- Post-Translational Modifications: The activity of the complex is modulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation .
The Elongator complex has several applications in biomedical research and therapeutic strategies:
The Elongator complex plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease:
- Development: It is essential for proper neurodevelopment and the regulation of genes involved in cell migration .
- Aging: The complex’s role in maintaining genome stability and regulating gene expression is vital for healthy aging .
- Disease: Dysregulation of the Elongator complex is associated with various diseases, including familial dysautonomia and certain cancers .
