Recombinant Proteins
Product List
DPPA3 Human
Developmental Pluripotency Associated 3 Human Recombinant
DPPA3 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
DPPA4 Human
Developmental Pluripotency Associated 4 Human Recombinant
DPPA4 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
DPPA5 Human
Developmental Pluripotency Associated 5 Human Recombinant
DPPA5 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Developmental Pluripotency Associated (DPA) refers to a group of proteins and factors that are crucial in maintaining the pluripotency of stem cells. Pluripotency is the ability of a stem cell to differentiate into any cell type of the body. DPAs are primarily classified based on their roles in early embryonic development and their expression in pluripotent stem cells .
Key Biological Properties: DPAs are characterized by their ability to maintain the undifferentiated state of stem cells. They are involved in regulating gene expression and epigenetic modifications .
Expression Patterns: DPAs are predominantly expressed in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and in embryonic stem cells. Their expression is tightly regulated and diminishes as cells begin to differentiate .
Tissue Distribution: DPAs are mainly found in pluripotent cells during early embryonic development. They are also present in certain adult stem cells, although at much lower levels .
Primary Biological Functions: DPAs play a critical role in maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of stem cells. They are involved in the regulation of gene expression and the maintenance of an undifferentiated state .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While DPAs are primarily associated with stem cell biology, some studies suggest they may have roles in modulating immune responses and recognizing pathogens, although this area requires further research .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: DPAs interact with various transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to maintain the pluripotent state. They form complexes with other proteins to regulate gene expression and chromatin structure .
Binding Partners: Key binding partners of DPAs include transcription factors such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. These interactions are crucial for maintaining the pluripotent state .
Downstream Signaling Cascades: DPAs are involved in several signaling pathways, including the Wnt and TGF-β pathways, which are essential for maintaining pluripotency and regulating differentiation .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of DPAs is regulated by a network of transcription factors that ensure the maintenance of pluripotency. Key regulators include Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog .
Post-Translational Modifications: DPAs undergo various post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which modulate their activity and stability .
Biomedical Research: DPAs are extensively studied in the context of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. They are used to understand the mechanisms of pluripotency and to develop stem cell-based therapies .
Diagnostic Tools: DPAs can serve as biomarkers for identifying pluripotent stem cells and monitoring their differentiation status .
Therapeutic Strategies: DPAs are being explored as potential targets for developing therapies for various diseases, including degenerative disorders and cancers .
Development: DPAs are crucial during early embryonic development, where they maintain the pluripotent state of stem cells and regulate their differentiation into various cell types .
Aging and Disease: The expression of DPAs decreases with age, and their dysregulation is associated with various diseases, including cancer. Understanding their role in aging and disease can provide insights into developing new therapeutic strategies .
