Recombinant Proteins
Product List
UQCRC1 Human
Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase Core Protein I Human Recombinant
UQCRC2 Human
Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase Core Protein II Human Recombinant
UQCRC2 is fused to a 21 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
UQCRQ Human
Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase Human Recombinant
UQCRQ is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase, also known as Complex III or the cytochrome bc1 complex, is a crucial component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is responsible for catalyzing the electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, coupled with proton translocation across the mitochondrial inner membrane . This complex is classified as an oxidoreductase enzyme and is integral to the process of oxidative phosphorylation .
Key Biological Properties: Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase is a multisubunit transmembrane complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane . It consists of several subunits, including cytochrome b, cytochrome c1, and the Rieske iron-sulfur protein .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: This complex is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues that have high energy demands, such as the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles . Its expression is particularly high in tissues with a high density of mitochondria .
Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase is to facilitate the transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, which is a critical step in the mitochondrial electron transport chain . This process contributes to the generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, ultimately driving ATP synthesis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While its primary role is in energy production, Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase also plays a role in cellular responses to oxidative stress and may be involved in the regulation of apoptosis .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase operates through a mechanism known as the Q cycle, which involves the bifurcation of electron flow at the Qo site and the Qi site . The first electron from ubiquinol is transferred to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein and then to cytochrome c1, while the second electron is transferred to cytochrome b .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The complex interacts with various other components of the electron transport chain, including cytochrome c and ubiquinone . These interactions are essential for the proper functioning of the mitochondrial respiratory chain .
Regulatory Mechanisms: The expression and activity of Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase are regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . The proton-motive Q cycle mechanism is a key regulatory process that ensures efficient electron transfer and proton translocation .
Biomedical Research: Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase is a target for research in various fields, including bioenergetics and mitochondrial diseases .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Its role in oxidative phosphorylation makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in conditions such as mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase is essential for cellular energy production throughout the life cycle, from development to aging . Its function is critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis and supporting the high energy demands of various physiological processes .
