Recombinant Proteins
Product List
RWDD1 Human
RWD Domain Containing 1 Human Recombinant
RWDD1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
RWDD4 Human
RWD Domain Containing 4 Human Recombinant
RWDD4 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
The RWD domain is a conserved region of approximately 110 amino acid residues, identified in various proteins such as RING finger-containing proteins, WD-repeat-containing proteins, and DEAD (DEXD)-like helicases . The domain is named after these three major protein families. It is predicted to have an alpha/beta secondary structure and is thought to be related to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (UBCc) domain .
Key Biological Properties: The RWD domain is involved in protein-protein interactions and is essential for the function of several proteins, including GCN2 eIF2alpha kinase and histidyl-tRNA synthetase .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: RWD domain-containing proteins are expressed in various tissues, including the pituitary, kidney, heart, pancreas, and adrenal gland . Their expression can be induced under stress conditions such as hypoxia or heat shock .
Primary Biological Functions: RWD domain-containing proteins play crucial roles in cellular stress responses, particularly in amino acid starvation. For instance, GCN1, a protein with an RWD domain, is essential for the activation of GCN2, which helps cells cope with amino acid starvation by regulating protein synthesis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While specific roles in immune responses and pathogen recognition are not well-documented, the involvement of RWD domain-containing proteins in stress responses suggests potential indirect roles in these processes.
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: RWD domain-containing proteins interact with various binding partners. For example, GCN1 binds to GCN2 via its RWD domain, which is crucial for the activation of GCN2 during amino acid starvation .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The RWD domain facilitates interactions with other proteins, such as the E2-SUMO conjugase Ubc9 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase VHL, influencing downstream signaling pathways involved in protein stability and stress responses .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of RWD domain-containing proteins can be regulated at the transcriptional level in response to stress conditions like hypoxia .
Post-Translational Modifications: Post-translational modifications, such as SUMOylation, play a significant role in regulating the activity of RWD domain-containing proteins. For instance, RSUME, an RWD domain-containing protein, enhances SUMO conjugation of specific targets involved in inflammation .
Biomedical Research: RWD domain-containing proteins are valuable in studying cellular stress responses and protein-protein interactions. They provide insights into the mechanisms of stress adaptation and protein regulation .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Understanding the roles and regulatory mechanisms of RWD domain-containing proteins can lead to the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for diseases related to stress responses and protein misregulation .
Development to Aging and Disease: RWD domain-containing proteins are essential throughout the life cycle. For example, GCN1 is crucial for embryonic development and cell cycle regulation. Mutations in GCN1 can lead to growth retardation and perinatal lethality . Additionally, the involvement of RWD domain-containing proteins in stress responses suggests their potential roles in aging and age-related diseases .
