Recombinant Proteins
Product List
HLA-C Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I C Human Recombinant
HLA-C is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HLA-DOA Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DO Alpha Human Recombinant
HLA-DOB Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DO Beta Human Recombinant
HLA-DOB is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HLA-DRA Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DR Alpha Human Recombinant
HLA-DRB1 Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DR Beta 1 Human Recombinant
HLA-DRB1 Human, Sf9
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DR Beta 1 Human Recombinant, Sf9
HLA-DRB1 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 207 amino acids (30-227a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 24.0kDa. (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 28-40kDa). HLA-DRB1 is expressed with a 9 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HLA-F Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I F Human Recombinant
HLA-F is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HLA-G Human
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I G Human Recombinant
HLA-G Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 309 amino acids (25-308 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 35.3kDa.
HLA-G is fused to a 25 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system, also known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans, is a group of genes located on chromosome 6 that encode cell-surface proteins responsible for the regulation of the immune system . HLA genes are divided into three main classes:
- Class I HLA: Includes HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. These molecules are present on the surface of all nucleated cells and present peptides from inside the cell to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) .
- Class II HLA: Includes HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR. These molecules are primarily expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells such as B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and present extracellular peptides to helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) .
- Class III HLA: Encodes components of the complement system and other molecules involved in inflammation .
HLA molecules are highly polymorphic, meaning they have many different alleles, which allows for a diverse range of peptide presentation and fine-tuning of the immune response . Key biological properties include:
- Expression Patterns: Class I HLA molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells, while Class II HLA molecules are primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells .
- Tissue Distribution: Class I HLA molecules are ubiquitous, whereas Class II HLA molecules are found on immune cells and can be induced on other cell types by interferon-gamma .
The primary biological functions of HLA molecules include:
- Immune Response: HLA molecules present peptide antigens to T cells, initiating immune responses .
- Pathogen Recognition: By presenting pathogen-derived peptides, HLA molecules enable the immune system to recognize and respond to infections .
- Self vs. Non-Self Discrimination: HLA molecules help the immune system distinguish between self and non-self cells, preventing autoimmune reactions .
HLA molecules interact with other molecules and cells through several mechanisms:
The expression and activity of HLA molecules are tightly regulated through various mechanisms:
HLA molecules have numerous applications in biomedical research and clinical practice:
- Biomedical Research: HLA typing is essential for understanding immune responses and disease associations .
- Diagnostic Tools: HLA typing is used in organ transplantation to ensure compatibility between donors and recipients .
- Therapeutic Strategies: HLA molecules are targets for immunotherapies and vaccine development .
HLA molecules play crucial roles throughout the life cycle:
- Development: HLA molecules are involved in the development of the immune system and the selection of T cells in the thymus .
- Aging: Changes in HLA expression and function can affect immune responses in aging individuals .
- Disease: HLA polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and infections .
