HLA-DRA Human

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II DR Alpha, also known as HLA-DRA, is a critical component of the immune system. This molecule plays a pivotal role in the presentation of antigens to the immune system, specifically to CD4-positive T cells. The recombinant form of this protein is often used in research and therapeutic applications.

HLA-DRA is a protein-coding gene that encodes the alpha chain of the MHC Class II molecule. This molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain, both anchored in the membrane of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages . The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and is encoded by five exons .

The primary function of HLA-DRA is to present peptides derived from extracellular proteins to T cells. This process is crucial for the immune system’s ability to recognize and respond to pathogens. The alpha chain of HLA-DRA is invariant, meaning it does not exhibit polymorphisms in the peptide-binding region, unlike the beta chain which is highly polymorphic .

The HLA-DRA gene is located on chromosome 6 at the cytogenetic location 6p21.32 . It is part of the MHC Class II family, which includes other isotypes such as HLA-DP and HLA-DQ. The gene’s structure includes a leader peptide, two extracellular domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail .

HLA-DRA is associated with several autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease and Graham Little-Piccardi-Lassueur Syndrome . Its role in antigen presentation makes it a target for various immunotherapies and vaccines. The recombinant form of HLA-DRA is used in research to study immune responses and develop therapeutic interventions.

Recombinant HLA-DRA is utilized in various research applications, including the study of T cell responses and the development of vaccines. It is also used in the production of monoclonal antibodies and in assays to measure immune responses .