Recombinant Proteins
Product List
CBX1 Human
Chromobox Homolog 1 Human Recombinant
CBX1 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 205 amino acids (1-185) and having a molecular mass of 23.6kDa (molecular weight on SDS-PAGE will appear higher).
The CBX1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CBX3 Human
Chromobox Homolog 3 Human Recombinant
CBX3 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
CBX5 Human
Chromobox Homolog 5 Human Recombinant
CBX5 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Chromobox (CBX) proteins are a family of highly conserved proteins that play crucial roles in chromatin organization and gene regulation. They are characterized by the presence of a chromodomain, which allows them to bind to methylated histones, and a chromoshadow domain, which facilitates protein-protein interactions . The CBX family includes several members, such as CBX1, CBX2, CBX3, CBX4, CBX5, CBX6, CBX7, and CBX8, each with distinct functions and tissue distributions .
Key Biological Properties: CBX proteins are involved in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. They are essential for maintaining heterochromatin integrity and are involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and transcriptional repression .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: The expression of CBX proteins varies across different tissues and developmental stages. For instance, CBX2 is highly expressed in the testes, while CBX7 is predominantly found in the brain and heart . The differential expression patterns suggest that CBX proteins have tissue-specific roles in regulating gene expression and chromatin dynamics .
Primary Biological Functions: CBX proteins are key players in the formation and maintenance of heterochromatin, a tightly packed form of DNA that is transcriptionally inactive . They are also involved in the regulation of gene expression by binding to methylated histones and recruiting other proteins to modify chromatin structure .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: CBX proteins have been implicated in the regulation of immune responses. For example, CBX7 has been shown to regulate the expression of genes involved in immune responses and inflammation . Additionally, CBX proteins can influence the expression of genes involved in pathogen recognition, thereby playing a role in the body’s defense mechanisms .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CBX proteins interact with various molecules and cellular components to exert their functions. They bind to methylated histones through their chromodomains and recruit other proteins, such as histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases, to modify chromatin structure .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: CBX proteins have several binding partners, including other chromatin-associated proteins and transcription factors . These interactions are crucial for the regulation of gene expression and chromatin dynamics. For instance, CBX7 interacts with the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) to mediate gene silencing through histone modifications .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of CBX proteins is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level. Various transcription factors and signaling pathways influence the transcription of CBX genes . For example, CBX2 expression is regulated by androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer .
Post-Translational Modifications: CBX proteins undergo several post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation, which modulate their activity and stability . These modifications are essential for the dynamic regulation of CBX protein functions in response to cellular signals .
Biomedical Research: CBX proteins are valuable tools in biomedical research due to their roles in chromatin regulation and gene expression. They are used to study epigenetic mechanisms and their implications in various diseases .
Diagnostic Tools: The expression levels of CBX proteins can serve as biomarkers for certain diseases. For instance, elevated levels of CBX2 and CBX3 have been associated with poor prognosis in cancers such as prostate and colorectal cancer .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting CBX proteins has therapeutic potential in treating diseases associated with dysregulated gene expression. Inhibitors of CBX proteins are being explored as potential treatments for cancers and other diseases involving epigenetic dysregulation .
Development: CBX proteins play critical roles in development by regulating gene expression programs essential for cell differentiation and tissue formation . They are involved in the maintenance of stem cell characteristics and the regulation of developmental pathways .
Aging and Disease: The functions of CBX proteins extend into aging and disease. Dysregulation of CBX protein expression and activity has been linked to various age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders . Understanding the roles of CBX proteins in these processes can provide insights into the mechanisms of aging and disease progression .
