Recombinant Proteins
Product List
RAC1 Human
RAC1 Human Recombinant
RAC1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 192 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 21.4 kDa.
RAC1 Human, His
Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin substrate 1 Human Recombinant, His Tag
RAC2 Human
RAC2 Human Recombinant
RAC2 Human, 189a.a
Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 2 (1-189) Human Recombinant
The RAC2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
RAC3 Human
Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 3 Human Recombinant
RAC3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Key Biological Properties: Rac1 is a cytoskeleton regulatory protein that regulates cell adhesion, morphology, and movement . It is highly expressed in various tissues and is associated with poor prognosis in different types of tumors .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Rac1 is ubiquitously expressed in human cells and tissues, including insulin-sensitive tissues such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle . It is also significantly expressed in the brain, where it plays a critical role in axonal growth during neuronal development .
Primary Biological Functions: Rac1 regulates several cellular processes, including the cell cycle, cell-cell adhesion, motility, and epithelial differentiation . It also plays a role in glucose transport by regulating the translocation of glucose-transporting GLUT4 vesicles to the plasma membrane in response to insulin .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Rac1 is involved in the immune response by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase . It also plays a role in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: In its active state, Rac1 binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, and epithelial cell polarization . It also interacts with the mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3)-mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MKK7)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling module to accelerate diabetic nephropathy .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Rac1 interacts with MLK3 directly, promoting the assembly of the MLK3-MKK7-JNK signaling module . It also regulates cell adhesion and movement by promoting actin cytoskeleton remodeling .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of Rac1 is regulated by various transcription factors and signaling pathways that respond to cellular and environmental cues .
Post-Translational Modifications: Rac1 activity is controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which stimulate the release of GDP and promote the binding of GTP . The inactive state of Rac1 is maintained by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) .
Biomedical Research: Rac1 is a potential target for cancer therapy due to its role in regulating cell migration, invasion, and metastasis . Inhibitors of Rac1 are being explored for their potential in cancer prevention and treatment .
Diagnostic Tools: Rac1 expression levels can serve as biomarkers for the prognosis of various cancers .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting Rac1 signaling pathways can provide therapeutic benefits in conditions such as diabetic nephropathy and cancer .
Development: Rac1 plays a crucial role in neuronal development by stimulating axonal growth and counteracting growth inhibitory signaling .
Aging and Disease: Over-activation of Rac1 is associated with cancer progression and metastasis . It also plays a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy by accelerating renal damage through the activation of the MLK3-MKK7-JNK signaling module .
