RAC3 Human
Ras-related C3 substrate 3, p21-Rac3, RAC3.
Description
RAC3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
As a member of the Rho small G proteins' Rac subfamily, RAC3, a small monomeric GTP-binding protein (around 21kDa), plays a crucial role in intracellular signaling pathways. Its functions encompass regulating cell growth, orchestrating cytoskeletal reorganization, and activating protein kinases.
For short-term storage (2-4 weeks), the product should be kept at 4°C. For extended storage, it is recommended to freeze the product at -20°C. The addition of a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is advisable for long-term storage. Repeated freezing and thawing of the product should be avoided.
Ras-related C3 substrate 3, p21-Rac3, RAC3.
MQAIKCVVVG DGAVGKTCLL ISYTTNAFPG EYIPTVFDNY SANVMVDGKP VNLGLWDTAG QEDYDRLRPL SYPQTDVFLI CFSLVSPASF ENVRAKWYPE VRHHCPHTPI LLVGTKLDLR DDKDTIERLR DKKLAPITYP QGLAMAREIG SVKYLECSAL TQRGLKTVFD EAIRAVLCPP PVKKPGKKC.
Product Science Overview
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (RAC3) is a member of the Rho family of GTPases, which are small signaling G proteins. These proteins play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases . RAC3 is particularly notable for its involvement in the regulation of actin-based cytoskeletal dynamics .
RAC3 is a 21 kDa GTPase encoded by 192 amino acids . It acts as a molecular switch, cycling between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state. This cycling is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that promote the exchange of GDP for GTP, and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that enhance GTP hydrolysis . RAC3 shares a high degree of similarity with other RAC isoforms, such as RAC1 and RAC2, with 92% and 89% amino acid identity, respectively .
RAC3 is associated with endo-membranes and cell membranes due to its hydrophobic isoprenyl moiety at the C-terminus . It has also been reported to localize in the nucleus. In the cytoplasm, RAC3 associates with the chaperone Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) . RAC3 mRNA is present in various human cancer cell lines and tumor tissue samples, including those from the brain, liver, kidney, pancreas, breast, and prostate .
RAC3 has been implicated in the regulation of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. It promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion in bladder cancer via the PYCR1/JAK/STAT signaling pathway . Additionally, RAC3 is overexpressed in paclitaxel-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells, and its expression levels are negatively correlated with the sensitivity of these cells to paclitaxel . This suggests that RAC3 may play a role in the development of drug resistance in cancer therapy.
Recent studies have explored the potential of targeting RAC3 to overcome drug resistance in cancer treatment. For instance, Pulsatilla saponin D has been shown to inhibit RAC3 expression and overcome paclitaxel resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells . This highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting RAC3 in cancer treatment.
