The DPPA5 gene belongs to the KHDC1/DPPA5/ECAT1/OOEP gene family, which encodes structurally related proteins characterized by an atypical RNA-binding K Homology (KH) domain . This domain is essential for the protein’s function in binding to specific target mRNAs . The gene is located on chromosome 6 in humans and has several pseudogenes on other chromosomes .
DPPA5 is primarily involved in the maintenance of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. It is dispensable for the self-renewal of pluripotent ESCs and the establishment of germ cells . The protein associates with specific target mRNAs, which is crucial for its role in maintaining pluripotency .
One of the key functions of DPPA5 is its interaction with the NANOG protein, a critical factor in maintaining the pluripotent state of stem cells. DPPA5 stabilizes NANOG and supports human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) self-renewal and cell reprogramming in feeder-free conditions . This interaction enhances the function of NANOG, thereby promoting the pluripotent state of the cells .
The expression of DPPA5 is a specific marker for pluripotent stem cells. It is highly expressed in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) grown on feeder-free substrates such as Matrigel, Laminin-511, and Vitronectin . Overexpression of DPPA5 in hPSCs increases NANOG protein levels via a post-transcriptional mechanism .
Understanding the function and regulation of DPPA5 is crucial for advancements in regenerative medicine. The ability of DPPA5 to enhance the reprogramming efficiency of human somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) makes it a valuable tool in developing therapies for various diseases . Improved protocols in hPSC maintenance and reprogramming, supported by DPPA5, may contribute to the future application of these cells in regenerative medicine .