Recombinant Proteins
Product List
ANXA5 Mouse
Annexin A5 Mouse Recombinant
ANXA5 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
ANXA6 Human
Annexin A6 Human Recombinant
ANXA7 Human
Annexin A7 Human Recombinant
ANXA7 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
ANXA8 Human
Annexin A8 Human Recombinant
ANXA8 is fused to a 20 amino acid His Tag at N-terminus and is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
ANXA8L1 Human
Annexin A8 Like-1 Human Recombinant
ANXA8L1 Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 351 amino acids (1-327) and having a molecular mass of 39.4 kDa.
ANXA8L1 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Annexins are a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins found in eukaryotic organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi . These proteins are characterized by their ability to bind to negatively charged phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner and contain a 70 amino acid repeat sequence known as the annexin repeat . In humans, there are twelve known annexins, labeled Annexin A1 to Annexin A13 (with A12 currently unassigned) .
Key Biological Properties: Annexins are involved in various cellular processes such as membrane scaffolding, vesicle trafficking, exocytosis, endocytosis, and calcium ion channel formation . They can bind to both endomembranes and the plasma membrane in a calcium-dependent or independent manner .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Annexins are ubiquitously expressed in different tissues and cells. For instance, Annexin A1 is found in various tissues and plays a role in anti-inflammatory responses . Annexin A5 is widely distributed in human cells and body fluids, performing functions by binding to phosphatidylserine in a calcium-dependent manner .
Primary Biological Functions: Annexins play crucial roles in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, and membrane organization . They are also involved in the trafficking and organization of vesicles, exocytosis, and endocytosis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Annexins, particularly Annexin A1, are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and involvement in immune responses. They help regulate the immune system by modulating the behavior of immune cells . Annexin A5, for example, can protect cells and reduce adhesive properties, influencing immune cell actions .
Annexins interact with various cell-membrane components, participating in membrane organization and modulating cell signaling . They can bind to phosphatidylserine on cell membranes, forming a shield over membranes and neutralizing overexposure of phosphatidylserine . This interaction affects immune cell behavior and has anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and cell membrane repair properties .
Transcriptional Regulation: Annexin expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by various factors, including glucocorticoids . For instance, glucocorticoids can increase the expression of Annexin A1, which in turn inhibits inflammation by blocking the release of arachidonic acid .
Post-Translational Modifications: Annexins can undergo post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, which can alter their affinity for calcium and interaction with cytoplasmic proteins . These modifications play a crucial role in regulating their activity and function.
Annexins have significant applications in biomedical research, including their use as diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies . For example, Annexin A5 is used as a biomarker for diagnosing certain diseases due to its ability to bind phosphatidylserine . Additionally, annexins are being explored for their therapeutic potential in treating conditions such as sepsis, COVID-19, and various cancers .
Throughout the life cycle, annexins play essential roles in development, aging, and disease . They are involved in processes such as cell cycle control, exocytosis, endocytosis, and apoptosis . Annexin A11, for instance, has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis by affecting apoptosis pathways . In plants, annexins are central regulators of growth and stress signaling, operating in pathways involving cytosolic free calcium and reactive oxygen species .
