PARP1 Human

Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Human Recombinant

PARP1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 354 amino acids (662-1014a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 39.6 kDa. PARP1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT2769
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.

PARP2 Human

Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 2 Human Recombinant

PARP2 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 376 amino acids (233-583a.a) and having a molecular mass of 42.5kDa. PARP2 is fused to a 25 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT2830
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

POLL Human

Polymerase (DNA directed), Lambda Human Recombinant

POLL Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 320 amino acids (1-300) and having a molecular mass of 36.0 kDa.
POLL is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT2891
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

POLR2D Human

Polymerase II Polypeptide D Human Recombinant

POLR2D Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 165 amino acids (1-142) and having a molecular mass of 18.7kDa.POLR2D is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT2971
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

POLR2E Human

Polymerase II Polypeptide E Human Recombinant

POLR2E Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 233 amino acids (1-210) and having a molecular mass of 27.1kDa.
POLR2E is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3009
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

POLR2F Human

Polymerase II Polypeptide F Human Recombinant

POLR2F Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 150 amino acids (1-127) and having a molecular mass of 16.9kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear higher).
POLR2F is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3074
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

POLR2I Human

Polymerase II Polypeptide I Human Recombinant

POLR2I Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 148 amino acids (1-125 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 17.0kDa.
POLR2I is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3132
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

POLR2J2 Human

Polymerase II Polypeptide J2 Human Recombinant

POLR2J2 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 138 amino acids (1-115) and having a molecular mass of 15.5kDa.
POLR2J2 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3183
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

POLR3F Human

Polymerase III Polypeptide F Human Recombinant

POLR3F Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 339 amino acids (1-316) and having a molecular mass of 38.1kDa.
POLR3F is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3242
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

POLR3K Human

Polymerase III Polypeptide K Human Recombinant

POLR3K Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 131 amino acids (1-108 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 14.7kDa.
POLR3K is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3290
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Definition and Classification

Polymerases are enzymes that synthesize long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. They play a crucial role in the replication and transcription of genetic material. There are two main types of polymerases:

  • DNA Polymerase: Synthesizes DNA from deoxyribonucleotides.
  • RNA Polymerase: Synthesizes RNA from ribonucleotides .
Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties:

  • DNA Polymerase: Essential for DNA replication, repair, and recombination. It adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of a DNA strand, ensuring accurate copying of genetic information .
  • RNA Polymerase: Catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template during transcription .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution:

  • DNA polymerases are ubiquitously expressed in all dividing cells, with higher expression in tissues with rapid cell turnover, such as the bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract .
  • RNA polymerases are also widely expressed, with specific types (Pol I, Pol II, Pol III) having distinct roles in different tissues .
Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions:

  • DNA Polymerase: Synthesizes new DNA strands, repairs damaged DNA, and participates in genetic recombination .
  • RNA Polymerase: Transcribes DNA into RNA, which is then translated into proteins .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition:

  • DNA polymerases are involved in the repair of DNA damage caused by pathogens, thus maintaining genomic integrity .
  • RNA polymerases play a role in the transcription of genes involved in immune responses .
Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells:

  • DNA polymerases interact with various proteins involved in the replication fork, such as helicases and primases .
  • RNA polymerases interact with transcription factors and other regulatory proteins to initiate and regulate transcription .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades:

  • DNA polymerases bind to DNA templates and primers to synthesize new DNA strands .
  • RNA polymerases bind to promoter regions of genes and initiate RNA synthesis .
Regulatory Mechanisms

Control of Expression and Activity:

  • Transcriptional Regulation: DNA polymerase expression is regulated by cell cycle-dependent transcription factors .
  • Post-Translational Modifications: Phosphorylation and ubiquitination of polymerases can modulate their activity .
Applications

Biomedical Research:

  • Polymerases are essential tools in molecular biology techniques such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and DNA sequencing .

Diagnostic Tools:

  • PCR-based diagnostic tests for infectious diseases and genetic disorders rely on the activity of DNA polymerases .

Therapeutic Strategies:

  • Polymerase inhibitors are used as antiviral and anticancer agents .
Role in the Life Cycle

Throughout Development to Aging and Disease:

  • DNA polymerases are crucial for cell division and development, ensuring accurate DNA replication .
  • RNA polymerases are involved in the transcription of genes necessary for growth, development, and response to environmental changes .
  • Dysregulation of polymerase activity can lead to diseases such as cancer and genetic disorders .
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