Enzymes
Product List
TIMP1 Human
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 1 Human Recombinant
TIMP1 Human, HEK
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 1 Human Recombinant, HEK
TIMP1 Human, Sf9
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 1 Human Recombinant, Sf9
TIMP1 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 190 amino acids (24-207a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 21.5kDa. TIMP1 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TIMP1 Mouse
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 1 Mouse Recombinant
TIMP1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TIMP1 Rat
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 1 Rat Recombinant
TIMP1 Ligand shows multiple bands between 18-28kDa on SDS-PAGE, reducing conditions and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TIMP2 Human
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 2 Human Recombinant
TIMP2 Human HEK
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 2 Human Recombinant, HEK
TIMP2 Human, His
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 2 Human Recombinant, His Tag
TIMP2 is fused to a 38 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TIMP2 Human, Sf9
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 2 Human Recombinant, Sf9
TIMP4 Human
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease 4 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a family of proteins that inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are enzymes involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). There are four known TIMPs: TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4 . Each TIMP has a unique structure and function, but they all share the ability to inhibit MMP activity.
Key Biological Properties: TIMPs are known for their ability to regulate ECM turnover by inhibiting MMPs. They also have roles in cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation, and angiogenesis .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: TIMPs are expressed in various tissues throughout the body. For example, TIMP-1 is found in high levels in the liver, spleen, and lung, while TIMP-2 is more ubiquitously expressed . TIMP-3 is primarily found in the ECM, and TIMP-4 is expressed in the heart and other tissues .
Primary Biological Functions: TIMPs play a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by regulating ECM turnover. They also have cytokine-like activities, influencing processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: TIMPs are involved in immune responses by modulating the activity of MMPs, which can influence the migration and activation of immune cells . They also play a role in pathogen recognition by regulating the ECM, which can act as a barrier to infection .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: TIMPs interact with MMPs to form non-covalent 1:1 stoichiometric complexes, inhibiting their proteolytic activity . They also interact with other proteins, such as integrins and growth factors, to modulate cellular responses .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: TIMPs can bind to specific surface receptors, initiating signaling cascades that influence cell behavior. For example, TIMP-1 can bind to the CD63 receptor, activating downstream signaling pathways that promote cell survival and proliferation .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: TIMP expression is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Various cytokines and growth factors, such as TGF-β and EGF, can upregulate TIMP expression . Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, can also influence TIMP activity .
Biomedical Research: TIMPs are used as biomarkers for various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases . They are also studied for their potential therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of fibrosis and cancer .
Diagnostic Tools: TIMP levels can be measured in biological samples to diagnose and monitor disease progression .
Therapeutic Strategies: TIMPs are being explored as therapeutic agents for diseases characterized by excessive ECM degradation, such as arthritis and cancer .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: TIMPs play a role in various stages of life, from development to aging. During development, they regulate ECM remodeling, which is crucial for tissue formation and organogenesis . In adulthood, they maintain tissue homeostasis and repair . In aging and disease, dysregulation of TIMP activity can contribute to pathological conditions, such as fibrosis and cancer .
