Enzymes
Product List
TEK Mouse
TEK Tyrosine Kinase Endothelial Mouse Recombinant
TEK Human
TEK Tyrosine Kinase Endothelial Human Recombinant
TEK produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 965 amino acids (23-748 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 107.9kDa. (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 100-150 kDa).
TEK is expressed with a 239 amino acid hIgG-His-tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TEK Human Fc
TEK Tyrosine Kinase Endothelial Fc Chimera Human Recombinant
The TEK Fc Chimera is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TEK Mouse Fc
TEK Tyrosine Kinase Endothelial Fc Chimera Mouse Recombinant
The TEK Fc Chimera is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TIE1 Fc Human
TIE1 Fc Human Recombinant
The TIE1 Fc Chimera is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TIE1 Fc Mouse
TIE1 Fc Chimera Mouse Recombinant
The TIE1 Fc Chimera is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
TIE1 and TIE2 are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that form a distinct subfamily characterized by their unique extracellular domains. These receptors are primarily expressed in endothelial cells and play crucial roles in vascular development and homeostasis. TIE1 is often referred to as an orphan receptor due to the lack of a well-defined ligand, while TIE2 interacts with angiopoietins (ANG1, ANG2, ANG4) to mediate its functions .
Key Biological Properties: TIE1 and TIE2 are integral to angiogenesis and blood vessel stability. TIE2, in particular, is activated by its ligands, leading to endothelial cell survival, migration, and vascular maturation .
Expression Patterns: Both receptors are predominantly expressed in endothelial cells. TIE1 is also found in hematopoietic cells during certain developmental stages .
Tissue Distribution: TIE1 and TIE2 are widely distributed in vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells. TIE2 is also present in circulating hematopoietic cells, including megakaryocytes and neutrophils .
Primary Biological Functions: TIE1 and TIE2 are essential for vascular development and maintenance. TIE2, activated by ANG1, promotes endothelial cell survival and vascular integrity. TIE1 modulates the effects of ANG1 and ANG2 on TIE2, influencing angiogenesis and vascular remodeling .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: TIE2 signaling is associated with anti-inflammatory effects, reducing leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: TIE1 and TIE2 interact with angiopoietins to regulate endothelial cell functions. ANG1 binding to TIE2 promotes cell survival and vascular stability, while ANG2 can act as both an agonist and antagonist depending on the context .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: TIE2 activation by ANG1 leads to downstream signaling involving the PI3K/Akt pathway, promoting cell survival and vascular stability. TIE1 modulates TIE2 signaling by influencing its interactions with ANG1 and ANG2 .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of TIE1 and TIE2 is regulated by various transcription factors that respond to developmental and environmental cues .
Post-Translational Modifications: TIE1 undergoes ectodomain cleavage in response to inflammatory signals, which modulates its interaction with TIE2 and affects downstream signaling .
Biomedical Research: TIE1 and TIE2 are studied for their roles in vascular biology and disease. Understanding their functions can lead to insights into angiogenesis and vascular disorders .
Diagnostic Tools: Alterations in TIE1 and TIE2 expression or function can serve as biomarkers for vascular diseases and cancer .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting the TIE1/TIE2 pathway holds potential for treating diseases characterized by vascular dysfunction, such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and inflammatory conditions .
Development: TIE1 and TIE2 are crucial for embryonic vascular development. TIE2, activated by ANG1, supports the formation and maturation of blood vessels .
Aging and Disease: Dysregulation of TIE1 and TIE2 signaling is implicated in various age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer. Therapeutic modulation of these pathways may offer benefits in managing these conditions .
