Enzymes
Product List
C-JUN Human
Jun Proto-Oncogene Human Recombinant
C-JUN is a maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion protein with an amino-terminal polyhistidine tag and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
C-JUN Human (241 a.a.)
Jun Proto-Oncogene (1-241 a.a.) Human Recombinant
Introduction
The Jun proto-oncogene, also known as JUN, is a protein-coding gene that encodes a component of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex . This gene is intronless and is mapped to the chromosomal region 1p32-p31, which is involved in various human malignancies . JUN is classified as a proto-oncogene because it has the potential to cause cancer when mutated or expressed at high levels .
Key Biological Properties: JUN is a transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the AP-1 consensus motif 5’-TGA[GC]TCA-3’ . It forms heterodimers with proteins of the FOS family, enhancing its DNA binding activity and transcriptional activity .
Expression Patterns: JUN is expressed in various tissues and is involved in numerous cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis .
Tissue Distribution: JUN is widely distributed across different tissues, with significant expression in the brain, liver, and immune cells .
Primary Biological Functions: JUN plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli, including stress, cytokines, and growth factors . It is involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and differentiation .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: JUN is essential for the activation-induced cell death of T cells by binding to the AP-1 promoter site of FASLG/CD95L and inducing its transcription in response to TCR/CD3 signaling pathway activation . It also plays a role in the immune response by regulating the expression of cytokines and other immune-related genes .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: JUN forms heterodimers with FOS family proteins to create the AP-1 transcription complex, which binds to specific DNA sequences and regulates gene expression . This interaction enhances its DNA binding activity and transcriptional activity .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: JUN interacts with various proteins, including FOSB, to regulate the transcription of target genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis . It also promotes the activity of NR5A1 when phosphorylated by HIPK3, leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation .
Transcriptional Regulation: JUN is transcriptionally upregulated in response to growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and external stimuli . The p-Smad complex and p-STAT3 promote the transcription of JUNB, a related gene .
Post-Translational Modifications: JUN undergoes various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, which regulates its activity and stability . These modifications are crucial for its role in gene expression and cellular responses .
Biomedical Research: JUN is widely studied in cancer research due to its role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis . It serves as a model for understanding the mechanisms of oncogenesis and tumor progression .
Diagnostic Tools: JUN expression levels can be used as a biomarker for certain cancers, aiding in diagnosis and prognosis .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting JUN and its signaling pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment . Inhibitors of JUN activity are being explored as potential anti-cancer agents .
Development to Aging and Disease: JUN plays a vital role throughout the life cycle, from embryonic development to aging . It is involved in various physiological processes, including placental formation, cardiovascular development, and tissue homeostasis . Dysregulation of JUN activity is associated with aging-related diseases and cancer .
