Enzymes
Product List
FEN1 Human
Flap Structure-Specific Endonuclease 1 Human Recombinant
NEIL1 Human
Nei Endonuclease VIII-Like 1 Human Recombinant
NEIL1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
NEIL2 Human
Nei Endonuclease VIII-Like 2 Human Recombinant
NEIL2 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
NTH E.Coli
Endonuclease-III E.Coli Recombinant
The NTH is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
NTHL1 Human
Nth Endonuclease III-Like 1 Human Recombinant
NTHL1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TSEN15 Human
tRNA Splicing Endonuclease 15 Human Recombinant
TSEN15 Human Recombinant fused with a 20 amino acid His tag at N-terminus produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 191 amino acids (1-171 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 20.9kDa.
The TSEN15 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Endonucleases are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain, either DNA or RNA . They are distinct from exonucleases, which cleave nucleotides from the ends of the chain . Endonucleases can be classified into several types based on their specificity and mechanism of action:
- Type I: Large, multisubunit complexes that cleave DNA at random sites far from their recognition sequences and require ATP .
- Type II: Simpler enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites within or near their recognition sequences without requiring ATP .
- Type III: Multisubunit complexes that cleave DNA at specific sites close to their recognition sequences and require ATP .
Endonucleases exhibit several key biological properties:
- Expression Patterns: Endonucleases are expressed in various organisms, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes .
- Tissue Distribution: In eukaryotes, endonucleases are distributed across different tissues, playing roles in DNA repair, replication, and transcription .
- Key Biological Properties: They are crucial for maintaining genomic integrity by repairing damaged DNA and processing RNA molecules .
Endonucleases perform several primary biological functions:
- DNA Repair: They play a critical role in repairing damaged DNA by cleaving damaged or mismatched regions .
- RNA Processing: Endoribonucleases are involved in the precise cleavage of precursor RNA molecules to generate functional RNAs .
- Immune Responses: Some endonucleases, such as restriction enzymes, protect bacteria from viral infections by degrading foreign DNA .
- Pathogen Recognition: They help recognize and eliminate pathogenic DNA or RNA within cells .
Endonucleases interact with other molecules and cells through various mechanisms:
- Binding Partners: They often bind to specific DNA or RNA sequences, forming complexes with other proteins to facilitate cleavage .
- Downstream Signaling Cascades: The cleavage of DNA or RNA by endonucleases can trigger downstream signaling pathways involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, or immune responses .
The expression and activity of endonucleases are tightly regulated:
- Transcriptional Regulation: Gene expression of endonucleases is controlled by transcription factors that respond to cellular stress or damage .
- Post-Translational Modifications: Endonucleases undergo various post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, to modulate their activity and stability .
Endonucleases have numerous applications in biomedical research and clinical settings:
- Biomedical Research: They are used in gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, to create targeted DNA modifications .
- Diagnostic Tools: Endonucleases are employed in molecular diagnostics to detect specific DNA or RNA sequences .
- Therapeutic Strategies: They are explored as potential therapeutic agents for treating genetic disorders and cancers by targeting specific DNA sequences .
Endonucleases play vital roles throughout the life cycle of organisms:
- Development: They are involved in DNA replication and repair during cell division and development .
- Aging: Endonucleases help maintain genomic stability, which is crucial for preventing age-related diseases .
- Disease: Dysregulation of endonuclease activity can lead to various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders .
