Enzymes
Product List
MAPK10 Human
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10 Human Recombinant
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MAPK10 produced in Sf9 Insect cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 470 amino acids (1-464 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 53.4kDa. |
MAPK10 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
MAP2K1 Human
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1 Human Recombinant
MAP2K1 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 402 amino acids (1-393a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 44.5kDa. (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 40-57kDa).MAP2K1 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
MAP2K2 Human
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 2 Human Recombinant
MAP2K2 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
MAP2K3 Human
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 3 Human Recombinant
MAP2K6 Human
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 6 Human Recombinant
MAP2K6 Human, sf9
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 6 Human Recombinant, sf9
MAP2K6 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
MAPK1 Human
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Human Recombinant
MAPK1 Human, Active
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Human Recombinant, Active
MAPK1 Human, His
Recombinant Human Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, His Tag
MAPK11 Human
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11 Human Recombinant
MAPK11 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are a family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock, and proinflammatory cytokines . They regulate cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis . MAPKs are found exclusively in eukaryotes and are classified into three main subfamilies:
Key Biological Properties: MAPKs are involved in various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival . They are activated by dual phosphorylation events and have a three-tiered pathway architecture .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: MAPKs are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells, including animals, fungi, plants, and unicellular eukaryotes . They are particularly abundant in tissues that are frequently exposed to stress, such as the skin, liver, and immune cells .
Primary Biological Functions: MAPKs play crucial roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival . They are also involved in immune responses and pathogen recognition by activating various transcriptional programs that lead to proinflammatory responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: MAPKs are essential for the activation of innate immune responses against invading microbial pathogens . They translocate into the nucleus and activate transcription factors that alter gene expression, leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: MAPKs interact with various molecules and cells through phosphorylation cascades. They are activated by upstream kinases (MAPKKKs and MAPKKs) and, in turn, phosphorylate downstream substrates .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: MAPKs bind to scaffolding proteins that organize the signaling complexes and ensure specificity in signal transduction . They activate a wide range of downstream signaling cascades that regulate gene expression, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The activity of MAPKs is tightly regulated by phosphorylation of their activation loop, which can be modulated by positive and negative feedback mechanisms .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: MAPKs are regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation, also play crucial roles in modulating their activity .
Biomedical Research: MAPKs are extensively studied in biomedical research for their roles in cell signaling and disease mechanisms .
Diagnostic Tools: MAPKs serve as biomarkers for various diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting MAPK pathways has therapeutic potential in treating diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: MAPKs are involved in various stages of the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . They regulate embryogenesis, cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis . Dysregulation of MAPK pathways is associated with aging and age-related diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration .
