Enzymes
Product List
FKBP14 Human
FK506 Binding Protein 14 Human Recombinant
FKBP1A Human
FK506 Binding Protein 1A Human Recombinant
FKBP1A Mouse
FK506 Binding Protein 1A Mouse Recombinant
FKBP1A is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
FKBP1B Human
FK506 Binding Protein 1B Human Recombinant
FKBP1B is fused to a 22 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
FKBP2 Human
FK506 Binding Protein 2 Human Recombinant
FKBP3 Human
FK506 Binding Protein 3 Human Recombinant
FKBP4 Human
FK506 Binding Protein 4 Human Recombinant
FKBP4 is fused to a 20 amino acid His Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
FKBP5 Human
FK506 Binding Protein 5 Human Recombinant
FKBP6 Human
FK506 Binding Protein 6 Human Recombinant
FKBPL Human
FK506 Binding Protein Like Human Recombinant
FKBPL Recombinant Human produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 357 amino acids (1-349 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 39.2 kDa. The FKBPL is fused to an 8 amino acid His-Tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
FK506 Binding Proteins (FKBPs) are a family of proteins that possess peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, facilitating the folding of proteins containing proline residues . They are classified as immunophilins due to their ability to bind immunosuppressive drugs such as FK506 (tacrolimus) and rapamycin . FKBPs are found in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to humans .
Key Biological Properties: FKBPs exhibit peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity, which is crucial for protein folding and function . They also play roles in various cellular processes, including signal transduction and protein trafficking .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: FKBPs are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. For instance, FKBP12 is abundantly present in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells . FKBP25, another member of the family, is primarily found in the nucleus and is involved in DNA repair .
Primary Biological Functions: FKBPs are involved in protein folding, cellular signaling, apoptosis, and transcription . They act as molecular switches by binding and altering the conformation of their target proteins .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: FKBP12, in particular, binds to the immunosuppressant molecule tacrolimus, which inhibits the activity of calcineurin, a phosphatase involved in T-cell activation . This inhibition suppresses the immune response, making FKBP12 crucial in preventing organ rejection in transplant patients .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: FK506 (tacrolimus) binds to FKBP12, forming a complex that inhibits calcineurin . This inhibition prevents the dephosphorylation and activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), thereby suppressing the transcription of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and other cytokines .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The FKBP12-tacrolimus complex inhibits the calcineurin-dependent NFAT pathway and the calcineurin-independent activation pathway for JNK and p38 . This dual inhibition is critical for the immunosuppressive effects of tacrolimus .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of FKBP genes is regulated by various transcription factors and signaling pathways . For example, the fkbR and fkbN genes positively regulate FK506 biosynthesis in Streptomyces tsukubaensis .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: FKBP expression is controlled at the transcriptional level by regulatory elements within their gene clusters . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in modulating FKBP activity .
Biomedical Research: FKBPs are used as tools for chemically induced dimerization, which allows researchers to manipulate protein localization, signaling pathways, and protein activation .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: FKBP12 is targeted by immunosuppressive drugs like tacrolimus, which are used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients and treat autoimmune disorders . Additionally, FKBP inhibitors are being explored for their potential in cancer therapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: FKBPs are involved in various stages of development and aging. They participate in signal transduction, hormonal pathways, stress responses, and gene transcription . Mutations or dysregulation of FKBP genes can lead to developmental abnormalities and diseases .
From Development to Aging and Disease: FKBP12 regulates fundamental aspects of cell biology, including TGF-β receptor signaling, which is crucial for development and tissue homeostasis . Dysregulation of FKBP12 has been associated with diseases such as Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular diseases .
