Enzymes
Product List
Angiotensin
Angiotensin
HRP
Horseradish Peroxidase
The Horseradish Peroxidase is purified by affinity chromatography, which results in an enzyme of high specific activity and purity.
HYAL1
Hyaluronidase
Hyaluronic acid is a mucopolysaccharide that exists in the human tissue matrix. It can constrain the diffusion of the extracellular fluid. Hyaluronidase makes the glucoseamine of the hyaluronic acid molecules hydrolyzed and depolymerized, thus decreases the viscosity of the body fluids and increases the flow and diffusion of the intercellular fluids. In this way the physic liquor, exudates or blood in local areas can be more easily diffused, and the drug can be more easily absorbed. Thus the local tissue tension and pains can be relieved. And it will also be easier for the edema and inflammatory exudates to be absorbed and dissolved. This product is a basic component of the articular cartilage. It can nourish, protect and maintain the functions of the joints.
Urokinase Human
Urokinase Human
Introduction
Definition: Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. They are typically proteins, although some RNA molecules also exhibit catalytic activity (ribozymes).
Classification: Enzymes are classified based on the type of reaction they catalyze:
- Oxidoreductases: Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions.
- Transferases: Transfer functional groups between molecules.
- Hydrolases: Catalyze the hydrolysis of various bonds.
- Lyases: Break bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation.
- Isomerases: Catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule.
- Ligases: Join two molecules together with covalent bonds.
Key Biological Properties: Enzymes exhibit high specificity for their substrates and operate under mild conditions of temperature and pH. They are highly efficient, often increasing reaction rates by millions of times.
Expression Patterns: Enzyme expression is tightly regulated and can vary between different tissues and developmental stages.
Tissue Distribution: Enzymes are distributed throughout the body, with specific enzymes localized to particular tissues or cellular compartments. For example, digestive enzymes are abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, while metabolic enzymes are prevalent in the liver.
Primary Biological Functions: Enzymes play crucial roles in various biological processes, including metabolism, DNA replication, and repair, signal transduction, and cellular respiration.
Role in Immune Responses: Enzymes are involved in the immune response by processing antigens, generating reactive oxygen species to kill pathogens, and modulating signaling pathways.
Pathogen Recognition: Enzymes such as lysozymes can recognize and break down bacterial cell walls, aiding in pathogen elimination.
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Enzymes interact with substrates through their active sites, forming enzyme-substrate complexes. This interaction lowers the activation energy required for the reaction.
Binding Partners: Enzymes often require cofactors (metal ions or organic molecules) or coenzymes (vitamins or their derivatives) to function properly.
Downstream Signaling Cascades: Enzymes can initiate or propagate signaling cascades by modifying signaling molecules, such as phosphorylation by kinases or dephosphorylation by phosphatases.
Regulatory Mechanisms: Enzyme activity is regulated at multiple levels, including gene expression, post-translational modifications, and feedback inhibition.
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of enzyme-coding genes can be upregulated or downregulated in response to cellular signals and environmental conditions.
Post-Translational Modifications: Enzymes can be activated or inactivated by modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, or ubiquitination.
Biomedical Research: Enzymes are used as tools in molecular biology for DNA manipulation, such as restriction enzymes and DNA polymerases.
Diagnostic Tools: Enzymes are employed in diagnostic assays, such as glucose oxidase in blood glucose meters.
Therapeutic Strategies: Enzyme replacement therapy is used to treat enzyme deficiency disorders, and enzymes are being explored as drug targets for various diseases.
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Enzymes are essential at all stages of life, from development to aging. They regulate developmental processes, maintain cellular homeostasis, and repair damaged tissues.
Development: Enzymes control the synthesis and degradation of biomolecules, guiding the growth and differentiation of cells.
Aging and Disease: Enzyme activity can decline with age, contributing to the aging process and the development of age-related diseases. Enzymes are also implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes.
