HYAL1
Description
Hyaluronic acid is a mucopolysaccharide that exists in the human tissue matrix. It can constrain the diffusion of the extracellular fluid. Hyaluronidase makes the glucoseamine of the hyaluronic acid molecules hydrolyzed and depolymerized, thus decreases the viscosity of the body fluids and increases the flow and diffusion of the intercellular fluids. In this way the physic liquor, exudates or blood in local areas can be more easily diffused, and the drug can be more easily absorbed. Thus the local tissue tension and pains can be relieved. And it will also be easier for the edema and inflammatory exudates to be absorbed and dissolved. This product is a basic component of the articular cartilage. It can nourish, protect and maintain the functions of the joints.
Product Specs
The enzyme was freeze-dried with 1xPBS and 2% sucrose.
The specific activity is 300 IU/mg.
Product Science Overview
Hyaluronidase is a family of enzymes that catalyze the degradation of hyaluronic acid, a key component of the extracellular matrix. These enzymes are found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The action of hyaluronidase was first described in 1936 and named in 1939 . It is often referred to as a “spreading factor” due to its ability to increase the permeability of connective tissue .
There are three main types of hyaluronidases:
- Eukaryotic Endoglycosidase Hydrolases: These enzymes cleave the (1→4)-linkages between N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronate.
- Prokaryotic Lyase-Type Glycosidases: These enzymes cleave (1→3)-linkages.
- Hyaluronoglucuronidases: These enzymes cleave (1→3)-linkages .
In humans, there are five functional hyaluronidases: HYAL1, HYAL2, HYAL3, HYAL4, and HYAL5 (also known as SPAM1 or PH-20), along with a pseudogene, HYAL6 (also known as HYALP1) . HYAL1 and HYAL2 are the major hyaluronidases in most tissues .
Hyaluronidase cleaves hyaluronic acid at the glucosaminidic bond between C1 of glucosamine and C4 of glucuronic acid . This action lowers the viscosity of hyaluronic acid, thereby increasing tissue permeability . Injection of hyaluronidase with other fluids, drugs, or radiopaque agents improves the ability of these compounds to permeate the extracellular space more easily .
Hyaluronidase has been used in various clinical settings for over 60 years. It is commonly used to improve the diffusion of local anesthetics in surgical settings . Additionally, it is used in ophthalmic surgery, dermatosurgery, and other surgical disciplines . Hyaluronidase is also indicated for subcutaneous fluid administration for hydration and increasing the resorption of radiopaque agents in subcutaneous urography .
