Enzymes
Product List
Pfu DNA Polymerase
Pfu-DNA Polymerase Recombinant
POLB Human
Polymerase (DNA directed), Beta Human Recombinant
POLB is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Taq Plus DNA
Taq Plus DNA Polymerase Recombinant
TaqDNA
Taq DNA Polymerase Recombinant
Introduction
DNA polymerases are a group of enzymes responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a pre-existing chain. They play a crucial role in DNA replication, ensuring the accurate duplication of the genetic material . DNA polymerases are classified into several families based on their structure and function. In prokaryotes, there are three main types: DNA polymerase I, II, and III. In eukaryotes, there are five primary types: DNA polymerase α, β, γ, δ, and ε .
Key Biological Properties: DNA polymerases are essential for DNA replication and repair. They possess proofreading abilities to ensure the fidelity of DNA synthesis .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: DNA polymerases are ubiquitously expressed in all dividing cells. However, their expression levels can vary depending on the cell type and the stage of the cell cycle .
Primary Biological Functions: The main function of DNA polymerases is to synthesize new DNA strands during replication. They also play a role in DNA repair and recombination .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: DNA polymerases are indirectly involved in immune responses by maintaining the integrity of the genome, which is crucial for the proper functioning of immune cells .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: DNA polymerases work in conjunction with other proteins and enzymes, such as helicases, primases, and ligases, to ensure accurate DNA replication .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: DNA polymerases bind to the DNA template and the primer to initiate DNA synthesis. They also interact with various accessory proteins that enhance their processivity and fidelity .
Regulatory Mechanisms: The activity of DNA polymerases is tightly regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of DNA polymerase genes is controlled by various transcription factors that respond to cellular signals and environmental cues .
Post-Translational Modifications: DNA polymerases undergo several post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which modulate their activity and stability .
Biomedical Research: DNA polymerases are extensively used in molecular biology techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, and cloning .
Diagnostic Tools: DNA polymerases are crucial in diagnostic applications, including the detection of genetic mutations and infectious agents .
Therapeutic Strategies: DNA polymerases are targets for antiviral and anticancer therapies. Inhibitors of viral DNA polymerases are used to treat viral infections, while inhibitors of human DNA polymerases are being explored as potential cancer treatments .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: DNA polymerases are essential throughout the life cycle, from development to aging. During development, they ensure the accurate replication of the genome in rapidly dividing cells. In adulthood, they maintain genomic stability by repairing DNA damage. In aging and disease, the efficiency and fidelity of DNA polymerases can decline, leading to genomic instability and the development of age-related diseases .
