Enzymes
Product List
PRKCI Human
Protein Kinase C Iota Human Recombinant
PRKCI Human Recombinant produced in HEK cells is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain (1-596 a.a) containing a total of 602 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 69kDa.
PRKCI is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus,and is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Protein Kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that play a crucial role in various cellular processes by phosphorylating target proteins. PKC enzymes are activated by signals such as increases in the concentration of diacylglycerol (DAG) or calcium ions (Ca²⁺) . The PKC family consists of fifteen isozymes in humans, divided into three subfamilies based on their second messenger requirements: conventional (cPKCs), novel (nPKCs), and atypical (aPKCs) .
- Conventional PKCs (cPKCs): Require Ca²⁺, DAG, and a phospholipid such as phosphatidylserine for activation. Isoforms include PKC-α, PKC-βI, PKC-βII, and PKC-γ.
- Novel PKCs (nPKCs): Require DAG but not Ca²⁺ for activation. Isoforms include PKC-δ, PKC-ε, PKC-η, and PKC-θ.
- Atypical PKCs (aPKCs): Require neither Ca²⁺ nor DAG for activation. Isoforms include PKC-ι and PKC-ζ .
PKC enzymes are involved in a wide range of biological functions, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses .
- Primary Biological Functions: PKC is involved in receptor desensitization, modulation of membrane structure, regulation of transcription, and mediation of immune responses .
- Role in Immune Responses: PKC plays a critical role in the activation, proliferation, differentiation, and survival of immune cells .
- Pathogen Recognition: PKC is involved in the recognition and response to pathogens, contributing to the immune defense mechanisms .
PKC enzymes exert their effects through various mechanisms, including interactions with other molecules and cells, binding partners, and downstream signaling cascades .
- Mechanisms with Other Molecules: PKC interacts with various proteins and lipids, modulating their activity and function .
- Binding Partners: PKC binds to specific substrates and cofactors, facilitating its activation and function .
- Downstream Signaling Cascades: PKC activation leads to the initiation of multiple signaling pathways, influencing cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis .
The expression and activity of PKC are tightly regulated through various mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications .
- Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of PKC isoforms is regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors and signaling pathways .
- Post-Translational Modifications: PKC activity is modulated by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and other post-translational modifications, affecting its stability, localization, and function .
PKC has significant applications in biomedical research, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies .
- Biomedical Research: PKC is studied extensively to understand its role in various cellular processes and diseases .
- Diagnostic Tools: PKC activity and expression levels are used as biomarkers for certain diseases .
- Therapeutic Strategies: PKC inhibitors and activators are being developed for the treatment of cancers, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infections .
PKC plays a vital role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease .
- Development: PKC is involved in embryonic development and differentiation .
- Aging: PKC activity and expression levels change with aging, influencing cellular functions and aging-related diseases .
- Disease: Aberrations in PKC activity are associated with various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders .
