Enzymes
Product List
tPA Human, Sf9
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Human Recombinant, Sf9
tPA is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TPA (311-562) Human
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (311-562 a.a.) Human Recombinant
TPA is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
TPA (36-310) Human
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (36-310 a.a.) Human Recombinant
TPA Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 284 amino acids (36-310a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 32.0kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 28-40kDa).
TPA is expressed with a 6 amino acids His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
tPA Human
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Human Recombinant
The tPA is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA), also known as tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), is a serine protease enzyme involved in the breakdown of blood clots. It converts plasminogen to plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown. TPA is classified as a thrombolytic agent and is encoded by the PLAT gene in humans .
Key Biological Properties: TPA is a 527 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of approximately 70 kDa. It contains several domains, including a finger domain, an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain, two kringle domains, and a serine protease domain .
Expression Patterns: TPA is primarily expressed in endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. It is also found in various tissues, including the brain, where it plays a role in neuronal plasticity and response to injury .
Tissue Distribution: TPA is widely distributed in the body, with high expression levels in the endothelium of blood vessels, the brain, and other tissues such as the liver and kidneys .
Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of TPA is to catalyze the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, leading to the degradation of fibrin clots. This process is crucial for maintaining vascular patency and preventing thrombosis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: TPA has been implicated in various immune responses, including the modulation of inflammation and the activation of immune cells. It also plays a role in pathogen recognition by facilitating the clearance of pathogens through the fibrinolytic system .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: TPA interacts with fibrin-bound plasminogen to convert it into plasmin. This interaction is facilitated by the binding of TPA to fibrin, which enhances its catalytic activity .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: TPA binds to fibrin and plasminogen, forming a ternary complex that leads to the activation of plasmin. This activation triggers downstream signaling cascades involved in fibrinolysis and tissue remodeling .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of TPA is regulated at the transcriptional level by various factors, including hypoxia and inflammatory cytokines. Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, also play a role in regulating TPA activity and stability .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: TPA gene expression is controlled by promoter elements responsive to hypoxia and other stimuli. Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and phosphorylation, influence TPA’s stability, activity, and interaction with other proteins .
Biomedical Research: TPA is widely used in research to study fibrinolysis, thrombosis, and related processes. It serves as a model enzyme for understanding serine protease function and regulation .
Diagnostic Tools: TPA levels are measured in clinical settings to assess the risk of thrombotic events and to monitor the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy .
Therapeutic Strategies: Recombinant TPA (rtPA) is used clinically to treat acute ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism. It is administered to dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow to affected tissues .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: TPA plays a critical role in various stages of life, from development to aging. During development, TPA is involved in tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. In adulthood, it maintains vascular health by preventing thrombosis. In aging and disease, TPA levels and activity may be altered, contributing to conditions such as stroke and cardiovascular disease .
