Enzymes
Product List
HPSE Active
Recombinant Human Heparanase-1 Active
Heparanase Active Enzyme is produced in CHO cells.
The protein is purified by several orthogonal chromatography steps.
HPSE Human
Heparanase-1 Human Recombinant
HPSE is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus.
HPSE WB
Recombinant Human Heparanase-1 WB Control
Recombinant Heparanase protein HPA1 is produced in CHO cells.
The protein is purified by several orthogonal chromatography steps.
Introduction
Heparanase (HPSE) is an enzyme that belongs to the glucuronidase family. It is primarily responsible for the degradation of heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and on cell surfaces . Heparanase is classified as an endo-β-D-glucuronidase due to its ability to cleave the β-linkage between glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues in HS chains .
Key Biological Properties: Heparanase exhibits endoglycosidase activity, which allows it to cleave HS chains, leading to the remodeling of the ECM . This activity is crucial for various physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell migration .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Heparanase is expressed in a variety of tissues and cells, including cytotrophoblasts, endothelial cells, platelets, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, and various tumor cells . Its expression is particularly high in human tumors, where it contributes to an invasive phenotype .
Primary Biological Functions: Heparanase plays a significant role in ECM remodeling by degrading HS, which affects cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation . It also facilitates the release of HS-bound growth factors and cytokines, promoting angiogenesis and tumor metastasis .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Heparanase is involved in immune responses by modulating the activity of immune cells. It promotes dendritic cell migration, T cell activation, and cytokine production, contributing to inflammatory responses . Additionally, heparanase can influence pathogen recognition by altering the ECM and facilitating immune cell infiltration .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Heparanase interacts with various molecules and cells through its enzymatic activity. It cleaves HS chains, leading to the release of bioactive molecules such as growth factors and cytokines . These molecules then bind to their respective receptors, initiating downstream signaling cascades that regulate cell behavior .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Heparanase binds to HS proteoglycans, syndecans, and glypicans on the cell surface . This interaction triggers signaling pathways such as the MAPK-ERK, AKT, and VEGF pathways, which are involved in cell survival, proliferation, and migration .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: Heparanase expression is regulated by various factors, including cytokines, growth factors, and metabolites . Transcriptional regulation involves the activation of specific transcription factors that bind to the heparanase gene promoter . Post-translational modifications, such as proteolytic processing, are essential for converting the inactive proheparanase into its active form .
Biomedical Research: Heparanase is a valuable tool in biomedical research for studying ECM remodeling, cancer progression, and inflammation .
Diagnostic Tools: Elevated levels of heparanase can serve as a biomarker for various cancers and inflammatory diseases .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting heparanase with specific inhibitors holds promise for treating cancer, inflammation, and other diseases associated with ECM remodeling .
Development to Aging and Disease: Heparanase plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle. During development, it regulates tissue morphogenesis and angiogenesis . In adulthood, heparanase is involved in wound healing, immune responses, and maintaining tissue homeostasis . Dysregulation of heparanase activity is associated with aging-related diseases, such as cancer and chronic inflammation .
