PARP1 Human
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
PARP1 is primarily located in the cell nucleus, although a cytosolic fraction has also been reported . The enzyme uses NAD+ to synthesize poly ADP-ribose (PAR) and transfers PAR moieties to proteins in a process known as ADP-ribosylation . This modification is essential for various cellular functions, including:
- DNA Repair: PARP1 acts as a first responder to DNA damage, detecting single-strand and double-strand breaks and facilitating the choice of repair pathways . It contributes to repair efficiency by ADP-ribosylating histones, leading to chromatin decompaction, and by interacting with multiple DNA repair factors .
- Chromatin Remodeling: PARP1’s role in chromatin remodeling is crucial for gene expression regulation .
- Cell Differentiation and Proliferation: PARP1 is involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation .
- Inflammation and Disease: The enzyme is implicated in the induction of inflammation and the pathophysiology of diseases such as type I diabetes .
Human recombinant PARP1 is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which involves inserting the PARP1 gene into a suitable expression system, such as bacteria or yeast, to produce the enzyme in large quantities. This recombinant enzyme is used in various research applications, including studies on DNA repair mechanisms, drug development, and cancer research.
PARP1 has emerged as a significant therapeutic target, particularly in cancer treatment. Inhibitors of PARP1 have shown promise in treating cancers with defects in DNA repair pathways, such as BRCA-mutated breast and ovarian cancers . By inhibiting PARP1, these drugs exploit the concept of synthetic lethality, where the inhibition of PARP1 in cells already deficient in DNA repair leads to cell death.
